Tropopause Level Studies Associated with GALE and ERICA

冬季气旋在沿海地区的迅速发展和加强是一个主要的天气预报问题。在美国东海岸，气旋风暴和锋面系统的发展经常发生在卡罗莱纳州的沿海地区。这些天气系统可能会导致人口稠密的东北走廊出现冻雨、大雪、暴风雪和大范围海岸侵蚀等恶劣天气。冷大陆性空气、暖洋流、流动大气扰动和当地地理的复杂相互作用似乎都有助于这些系统的快速发展；然而，这些过程没有得到很好的理解，而且对这些现象的预测往往也很差。1986年1月至3月，一个由大学和联邦机构组成的联盟举办了一个研究该地区冬季风暴的合作研究项目。该项目题为GALE(大西洋低涡的起源实验)，旨在提供关于海-气相互作用、行星边界层过程和中尺度气象过程的作用的详细信息。作为大风的核心调查人员之一，首席调查员在设计和执行实验方面发挥了重要作用。首席调查员的研究集中在对流层上层。主要数据来源是使用国家大气研究中心Sabreliner研究飞机的飞机调查、专门的大风高空探测网络和卫星数据。利用大风数据，首席调查员建议继续研究急流和对流层顶结构在冬季气旋快速发展中的作用，并将对流层顶遥感技术与现场核实进行比较。此外，视成功测试新的温度和湿度仪器而定，首席调查员可通过参加海军研究办公室赞助的在1988-89年冬季进行的大西洋气旋快速增强试验(ERICA)来增强大风数据。

The rapid development and intensification of winter cyclones in coastal regions presents a major weather forecasting problem. Along the East Coast of the United States, the development of cyclonic storms and frontal systems often occurs along the coastal region of the Carolinas. These weather systems may lead to severe weather in the heavily populated Northeast Corridor in the form of freezing rain, heavy snowfall, blizzards and extensive coastal erosion. A complex interaction of cold continental air, warm ocean currents, traveling atmospheric disturbances and local geography all appear to contribute to the rapid development of these systems; however, the processes are not well understood and the phenomena are often poorly forecast. In January-March 1986 a cooperative research project to study winter storms in this region was held by an consortium of universities and Federal agencies. Entitled GALE (Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment), the project was designed to provide detailed information on the role of air- sea interaction, planetary boundary-layer processes and mesoscale meteorological processes. As one of the core investigators of the GALE, the Principal Investigator was instrumental in designing and executing the experiment. The Principal Investigator's research focussed on the upper troposphere. The primary data sources were aircraft surveys using the National Center for Atmospheric Research Sabreliner research aircraft, the specialized GALE upper-air sounding network, and satellite data. Using GALE data, the Principal Investigator proposes to continue his research on the role of the jet stream and tropopause structure in the rapid development of winter cyclones and on comparison of remote sensing techniques of the tropopause with in situ verification. Additionally, contingent on successful tests of new temperature and humidity instruments, the Principal Investigator may enhance the GALE data by participating in the Office of Naval Research Sponsored Experiment on Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones over the Atlantic (ERICA) to be conducted during the Winter of 1988-89.