Status and perspectives for the hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite-based and -inspired systems as future energy materials

钙钛矿是一种相对便宜的金属卤化物矿物，由地球上丰富的元素组成。地壳。最近的发现表明，非常薄的钙钛矿材料薄膜可以将太阳光转化为电能，其效率接近目前最好的晶体太阳能电池技术，而这种技术仍然相对昂贵。本次研讨会将汇集来自美国和以色列这两个在太阳能研究方面处于领先地位的国家的钙钛矿基太阳能电池的活跃研究人员，讨论该领域的最新进展，并为继续研究提出新的相关方向。这些讨论旨在促进美国和以色列之间合作项目的发展，这些项目将利用两国独特的学术研究优势，加速钙钛矿基太阳能电池在全球范围内的发展。该研讨会定于2014年9月21日至22日在以色列雷霍沃特的魏茨曼科学研究所举行。研讨会将资助12-15名来自美国的具有不同背景的受邀研究人员访问以色列的旅费，并在研讨会现场与同等数量的以色列研究人员进行互动。该奖项将支持以色列-美国双边研讨会的组织和差旅费，该研讨会的主题是“基于钙钛矿的有机-无机混合材料的现状和前景”。该研讨会将于2014年9月21日至22日在以色列魏茨曼科学研究所举行。研讨会将聚集大约12-15名来自不同背景的美国研究人员和类似数量的以色列研究人员，他们在钙钛矿系统、能量转换设备、可持续性、有机和无机半导体材料的化学和物理方面具有专业知识。混合钙钛矿光吸收剂，特别是有机胺卤化铅材料，在短时间内在光伏器件领域取得了惊人的进展，迄今为止太阳能转换效率接近20%。如此迅速的进步，以相对简单的方式使用从溶液中生长出来的材料是令人惊讶的。然而，在这一点上，相对较少的因素是允许容易地，低温制备具有光电性能的薄膜，这些薄膜大多只用于金属有机化学气相沉积或分子束外延材料，体积和表面缺陷的性质和作用，甚至装饰卤化铅芯的有机元素的作用。此外，它们的稳定性，特别是在照明、施加电压或温度波动下的稳定性，还不为人所知。光吸收、载流子分离和收集等关键现象的关键问题是什么，以及材料的长期稳定性等问题不仅本身需要解决，而且正确地制定这些问题可以开辟新的研究方向。来自美国和以色列的专家，具有无机和有机合成，固态材料实验和理论以及可持续性的知识，将聚集在一起，对基于钙钛矿材料的科学和未来设备技术的变革性发展进行推测。本次研讨会旨在描述关键的基础知识，以便对未来进行建设性和创新性的思考。这次研讨会将提供一个独特的机会，在正确的时间真正定义未来可能具有潜在破坏性的关键两国能源研究方法。最后，讲习班将招募代表性不足的美国学术界成员大力参与，他们通过与以色列同事的互动，将增加他们获得情报的机会

Nontechnical DescriptionPerovskites are minerals of metal halides that are relatively inexpensive and composed of elements that are abundant in the earth?s crust. Recent discoveries have revealed that very thin films of perovskite materials can convert sunlight into electricity with efficiencies approaching those of the best available crystalline solar cell technologies, which are still relatively expensive. This workshop will bring together active researchers in perovskite based solar cells from two countries that are leaders in solar energy research, United States and Israel, to discuss recent advances in this area and propose new and relevant directions for continued research. These discussions are designed to lead to the development of collaborative projects between the US and Israel that will leverage the unique academic research strengths of each country to accelerate the advancement of perovskite-based solar cells at the global scale. The workshop is scheduled to take place September 21-22, 2014 at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. The workshop will support the travel costs of 12-15 invited researchers with diverse backgrounds from the US to visit Israel and interact with an equal number of Israeli researchers at the workshop site.Technical DescriptionThis award will support the organization and travel expenses for a focused bi-lateral Israel-US workshop titled "Status and perspectives for the hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite-based and ?inspired systems as future energy materials", to be held on September 21-22, 2014 at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. The workshop will gather a group of about 12-15 US researchers from diverse backgrounds and a similar number of Israeli researchers, with expertise in perovskite-based systems, energy conversion devices, sustainability, chemistry and physics of organic and inorganic semiconductor materials.The hybrid perovskite light absorbers, in particular the organic amine lead halide materials, have made stunning progress in the area of photovoltaic devices in a short time, leading to solar conversion efficiencies of close to 20% to date. Such rapid progress, using materials grown from solution in a relatively simple manner is astonishing. Yet, relatively little is known at this point about the factors that allow facile, low-temperature preparation of films with optoelectronic properties that are mostly found only for materials made with metal-organic chemical vapor deposition or molecular beam epitaxy, the nature and role of bulk and surface defects, or even the role of the organic elements that decorate the lead halide core. In addition, their stability, especially under illumination, applied voltage or temperature fluctuations, is not really known. Questions as to what are the crucial issues in key phenomena of light absorption and charge carrier separation and collection, as well as long-term stability of the materials need to be addressed not only per se, but also because formulating them correctly can open new directions of research. This workshop of experts from both the US and Israel, with knowledge of inorganic and organic synthesis, solid-state materials experiment and theory, and sustainability, will be brought together to take a speculative look at what might be a transformative evolution in the science and future technologies of devices based on pervoskite materials. This workshop is designed to delineate the key foundational knowledge to enable constructive and innovative thinking about the future. This workshop will provide a unique opportunity at the exact right time to really define key future binational energy research approaches that could be potentially disruptive. Finally, the workshop will recruit for a strong participation from underrepresented members of the US academic community, who through interactions with their Israeli colleagues will enhance their access to int