Status and perspectives for the hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite-based and -inspired systems as future energy materials

非技术描述钙钛矿是一种金属卤化物矿物，价格相对低廉，由地球上丰富的元素组成-S地壳。最近的发现表明，钙钛矿材料的非常薄的薄膜可以将阳光转化为电能，效率接近现有最好的晶体太阳能电池技术，后者仍然相对昂贵。这次讲习班将汇集来自美国和以色列这两个太阳能研究领先者的钙钛矿基太阳能电池的活跃研究人员，讨论这一领域的最新进展，并为继续研究提出新的和相关的方向。这些讨论旨在促进美国和以色列之间合作项目的发展，这些项目将利用两国独特的学术研究优势，在全球范围内加快钙钛矿型太阳能电池的发展。研讨会定于2014年9月21日至22日在以色列雷霍沃特的魏兹曼科学研究所举行。该研讨会将资助12-15名来自美国的不同背景的应邀研究人员访问以色列，并在研讨会现场与同等数量的以色列研究人员互动的旅费。该奖项将支持将于2014年9月21-22日在以色列魏兹曼科学研究所举行的聚焦双边以色列-美国研讨会的组织和旅费，该研讨会的主题是“有机-无机钙钛矿基和？灵感混合系统作为未来能源材料的现状和前景”。研讨会将汇集来自不同背景的约12-15名美国研究人员和类似数量的以色列研究人员，他们拥有钙钛矿型系统、能量转换设备、可持续发展、有机和无机半导体材料的化学和物理方面的专业知识。混合钙钛矿型光吸收材料，特别是有机胺卤化铅材料，在短时间内在光伏器件领域取得了惊人的进展，导致到目前为止太阳能转换效率接近20%。以一种相对简单的方式使用从溶液中生长的材料，取得了如此快速的进展，令人震惊。然而，在这一点上，人们对能够轻松、低温制备具有光电性能的薄膜的因素知之甚少，这些因素大多只在金属-有机化学气相沉积或分子束外延材料中找到，体缺陷和表面缺陷的性质和作用，甚至装饰卤化铅核心的有机元素的作用。此外，它们的稳定性，特别是在光照、外加电压或温度波动下的稳定性，还不是真正知道的。光吸收和载流子分离收集关键现象中的关键问题是什么，以及材料的长期稳定性等问题不仅本身需要解决，而且因为正确的配方可以开辟新的研究方向。来自美国和以色列的专家研讨会将汇集无机和有机合成、固态材料实验和理论以及可持续发展方面的知识，以推测基于钙钛矿材料的设备的科学和未来技术可能发生的变革性演变。这个研讨会的目的是描述关键的基础知识，以便能够对未来进行建设性和创新的思考。这次研讨会将在恰到好处的时间提供一个独特的机会，真正定义未来可能具有颠覆性的关键的两国能源研究方法。最后，研讨会将招募美国学术界中代表性不足的成员大力参与，他们通过与以色列同事的互动，将加强他们进入INT的机会

Nontechnical DescriptionPerovskites are minerals of metal halides that are relatively inexpensive and composed of elements that are abundant in the earth?s crust. Recent discoveries have revealed that very thin films of perovskite materials can convert sunlight into electricity with efficiencies approaching those of the best available crystalline solar cell technologies, which are still relatively expensive. This workshop will bring together active researchers in perovskite based solar cells from two countries that are leaders in solar energy research, United States and Israel, to discuss recent advances in this area and propose new and relevant directions for continued research. These discussions are designed to lead to the development of collaborative projects between the US and Israel that will leverage the unique academic research strengths of each country to accelerate the advancement of perovskite-based solar cells at the global scale. The workshop is scheduled to take place September 21-22, 2014 at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. The workshop will support the travel costs of 12-15 invited researchers with diverse backgrounds from the US to visit Israel and interact with an equal number of Israeli researchers at the workshop site.Technical DescriptionThis award will support the organization and travel expenses for a focused bi-lateral Israel-US workshop titled "Status and perspectives for the hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite-based and ?inspired systems as future energy materials", to be held on September 21-22, 2014 at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. The workshop will gather a group of about 12-15 US researchers from diverse backgrounds and a similar number of Israeli researchers, with expertise in perovskite-based systems, energy conversion devices, sustainability, chemistry and physics of organic and inorganic semiconductor materials.The hybrid perovskite light absorbers, in particular the organic amine lead halide materials, have made stunning progress in the area of photovoltaic devices in a short time, leading to solar conversion efficiencies of close to 20% to date. Such rapid progress, using materials grown from solution in a relatively simple manner is astonishing. Yet, relatively little is known at this point about the factors that allow facile, low-temperature preparation of films with optoelectronic properties that are mostly found only for materials made with metal-organic chemical vapor deposition or molecular beam epitaxy, the nature and role of bulk and surface defects, or even the role of the organic elements that decorate the lead halide core. In addition, their stability, especially under illumination, applied voltage or temperature fluctuations, is not really known. Questions as to what are the crucial issues in key phenomena of light absorption and charge carrier separation and collection, as well as long-term stability of the materials need to be addressed not only per se, but also because formulating them correctly can open new directions of research. This workshop of experts from both the US and Israel, with knowledge of inorganic and organic synthesis, solid-state materials experiment and theory, and sustainability, will be brought together to take a speculative look at what might be a transformative evolution in the science and future technologies of devices based on pervoskite materials. This workshop is designed to delineate the key foundational knowledge to enable constructive and innovative thinking about the future. This workshop will provide a unique opportunity at the exact right time to really define key future binational energy research approaches that could be potentially disruptive. Finally, the workshop will recruit for a strong participation from underrepresented members of the US academic community, who through interactions with their Israeli colleagues will enhance their access to int