The Change of the Policy System in Japanese Politics since 1980s

1调查员就分配给他的一项研究课题编制了书籍和资料目录。2每个调查员都在月会上宣读了自己的研究成果，我们对此进行了热烈的讨论。3.在理论上，我们提炼了新制度主义和政策网络理论。(2)从总体上看，新的制度主义和政策网络理论与旧的政策体系有一些不同的特点，如企业界和外国政府参与政策过程，政府对自由化和国际化的市场压力迟缓适应，政治行为者之间的政策趋同，国家政策工具的减少，劳资合作的趋同，对产业政策的新制度主义分析表明，20世纪80年代所谓的新自由主义思潮确实是20世纪70年代公共区域外现象的延伸，表明日本的政治经济体制不同于美英等国的新保守主义。(4)对日美贸易冲突的分析得出了受相关企业协会、改革网络、美国国会、政治领导层等政治力量影响的贸易谈判结构。外国直接投资和政策组织，表明这种结构正在发生变化，原因是对外国压力的感知减弱，以及90年代后缺乏政治领导的条件。4从现在开始，我们将研究这些政策变化是如何在90年代政治改革过程中发展起来的。

1 Earch investigator has made catalogs on books and materials concerning about a research issue assigned to him.2 Each investigator read his research results at the monthly meeting and we had vigorous discussion on it. Besides, we held lectures by foreign political scientists visiting Japan and got useful implications in terms of comparative politics.3 We've got the following results concerning about politics in Japan since 1980s.(1) As for theory, we refined the new institutionalism and the policy network theory.(2) Generally, there are some characters of the recent policy system different from old one, such as participation in policy process by the business sector and foreign governments, delayd adaptation of the government to market pressure of liberalization and internationalization, convergence of policies among political actors, reduction of state's policy tools, convergence on cooperation of labor and capital, and recent labor's participation in policymaking, symbolized by Rengo.(3) A new institutionalist analysis of the industrial policy indicates that so called neo-liberalism trend of 1980s is indeed an extension of out-of-public-area phenomenon of 1970s and suggests the Japanese political-economic system different from the neo-conservatism like the United States and Britain.(4) An analysis of Japan-US trade conflict draws the structure of trade negotiation affected by political power of concerned business association, reform network, US Congress, political leadership, foreign direct investment and policy organization and shows that such a structure is changing because of weakened perception of foreign pressure and lack of the condition of political leadership after 1990s.4 From now, we'll research into how these policy changes develops in the process of political reform in 1990s.