Understanding of Biological Diversity Maintenance System in Rural Landscapes using Patch-Dynamics Theory

本文讨论了生物多样性在景观生态学中的概念观点和地貌环境的作用。结果表明：(1)地貌过程和人为干扰对景观多样性的保护起着重要作用。(2)应在地貌区域层面关注潜在的生物多样性，重视形成环境梯度的地貌因子对景观多样性的影响；(3)生态斑块和廊道作为景观的基本结构，具有生境和传播途径的功能，应纳入环境规划框架。以北海道大宽乡村景观为例，提出了一个由三级廊道和森林斑块组成的生态网络，以保护生物多样性。

The conceptual perspectivas of biological diversity in landscape ecology and the role of geomorphic environment were discussed in this paper. The conclusions of the discussion are (1) Disturbances caused by geomorphic processes an human impacts play important roles for the conservation of landscape diversity. (2) It is necessary to focus on potential biological diversity at the morpholoigic region level, and on geomorphic factors forming the environmental gradient which has effects on landscape diversity, and (3) An aspect of ecological patch and corridor, which are the fundamental structures of landscapes function as a habita and a dispersal route, must be added to the framework of environmental planning.By taking the rural landscape of Obihiro, Hokkaido as an example, an ecological network of three hierarchical corridors and a forest patch was proposed for the conservation of biological diversity.