Understanding ecological networks by means of advanced environmental measurement technology and development of new environmental conservation strategy

本研究的主要结果如下。(1)通过计算新提出的指数“CON”来评估森林的连通性，该指数被定义为在3×3网格单元中围绕中心森林网格的森林网格单元的数量，使用标准网格（约100个）。1公里网格单元）的植被数据。陆栖哺乳动物的分布与森林的连通性相重叠。根据各物种对CON值的反应将这些哺乳动物分为4类：1）山地哺乳动物，2）半山地哺乳动物，3）山地哺乳动物，4）对CON值表现出低反应的哺乳动物。研究结果表明，中国地区的森林覆盖率相对较低，森林较为分散。森林的连通性与地形因子密切相关。(2)在Hyounosen山区监测了无线电项圈黑熊（Ursus thibetanus）的活动。利用地理信息系统， ...更多信息 分析了生境植被的空间分布、迁移格局和特征。(3)GPS（全球定位系统）-项圈被连接到一个雌性西卡鹿（Cervus nippon）在金刚山岛，和两个雄性黑熊（Ursus thibetanus），一个在Hyounosen地区和另一个在秩父地区。在金刚山岛的GPS项圈被成功恢复，位置数据被下载。GIS综合分析结果表明，鹿群的生境具有季节性变化。(4)1998年和1999年对灰面鹫（Butastur indicus）的迁徙进行了卫星跟踪。利用卫星定位、野外观测和GIS分析，对冲绳石垣岛秃鹰的越冬生境进行了研究。10只携带PTTs（平台发射机终端）的个体中有3只成功地从冲绳石垣岛和西表岛的越冬地追踪到它们的繁殖地。对一只个体秋季迁徙的追踪并不完全成功，尽管可以确定其部分迁徙路线。春季，秃鹰沿沿着琉球群岛和萨苏南群岛向北迁徙。他们重复着一种迁移模式，即在小岛屿上短暂停留或停留很长时间，然后进行一天的迁移。在冬季，秃鹰避开森林，更喜欢农田和草地。少

The main results obtained by this study are as follows.(1) Connectivity of forests was evaluated by calculating a newly proposed index "CON", which is defined as the number of forest grid cells around a central forest grid in a 3×3 grid cell, using a standard grid (approx. 1km grid cell)-based data on vegetation. Distribution of terrestrial mammals was overlain on the forest connectivity. These mammals were classified into four groups according to the reaction of each species to the CON-value : 1) mountain-dwelling mammals, 2) semi-mountain dwelling mammals, 3) hill-dwelling mammals, and 4) mammals showing low reactions to CON-value. The results of our study indicated that the forests in Chugoku district are comparatively fragmented for its forest coverage ratio. The forest connectivity is strongly correlated to topographical factors.(2) Movements of radio-collared black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) were monitored in the Hyounosen Mountain region. By using GIS, their homerange si … More ze, movement pattern and characteristics of habitat vegetation were analyzed.(3) GPS (Global Positioning System)-Collars were attached to one female Sika deer (Cervus nippon) on Kinkazan Island, and to two male black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus), one in Hyounosen region and another in Chichibu region. The GPS-collar in Kinkazan Island was successfully recovered and the location data was downloaded. The integrated analysis by GIS showed that the deer seasonally changed its habitat.(4) The migration of Gray-faced Buzzards (Butastur indicus) was satellite-tracked in 1998 and 1999. Wintering habitat of the buzzards was also studied using satellite locations, field observations, and GIS analysis on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa. Three of the ten individuals with PTTs (platform transmitter terminals) were successfully tracked from the wintering sites on Ishigaki and Iriomote Islands, Okinawa, to their breeding sites. Tracking of the autumn migration of one individual was not fully successful, although a part of its migration route could be determined. In spring, the buzzards migrated north along the Ryukyu Islands and the Satsunan Islands. They repeated a migration pattern of single day movements separated by short to long stop-overs on small islands. In winter, the buzzards avoided forests and preferred farmlands and grasslands. Less