Collapsing Mechanisms and Restructuring Ways of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem in the upper Part of Watershed in Humid Tropics

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Landscape change in the studied site of Upper Citarum watershed, West Java, Indonesia was monitored using very high resolution remote sensing image QuickBird. In result, its change was significantly associated with hydrogeomophic condition, which limits agricultural activity. Forestlands still remained on volcanic summit. In the area, local farmers depended on bioresources acquired from forestlands for their agricultural activities and daily life. However, some of them encroached the forestlands illegally to cultivate annual cash crops. The deforestation caused the bioresource conflict with other forest resource users. Thus, socio-ecological system in the area was deteriorated. In villages on volcanic footslopes where there was no forestlands, local farmers utilized bioresources such as fuel materials from woodlands including bamboo-tree agroforest. Even though, the agroforests also have been changing in species composition or disappearing due to market economy. When evaluated ecosystem services of various types of agroforests from traditional to commercialized ones, some commercialized types reduced its services. Among them, a type dominated by several fruit trees and timber species was evaluated better in terms of maintaining multifunctionality with relatively high economic values, then considered as an optimal land-use system to reconstruct agroecosystem in humid tropics. When interviewed to local farmers about their willingness to adopt the agroforest type, most of them showed positive perception.