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Studies on the influences of large-scale landform transformation on remained forest community and planted tree population in residential development

大规模地貌改造对住宅开发中残留森林群落和人工种植林木种群的影响研究

基本信息

批准号：
61560028
负责人：
TAKEUCHI Kazuhiko
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1986 至 1987
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Since the 1960's, large-scale residential developments have concentrated on suburban hills covered mostly with secondary forests which, consisting of Quercus serrata and other deciduous and evergreen threes, had been used as coppice until the so-called fuel revolution of the 1950's. Typical hills with relatively low-relief are composed of semi- or unconsolidated sediments of Neogene or early Pleistocene age. The geomorphic and geologic conditions made the land transformation through heavy earthworks easy.Land characteristics of the hills and their modification history was out-lined in this study. Field study was carried out in the selected hills in Sendai, Tokyo and Osaka in order to measure the natural potential of conserved lands and developed lands which were made by cut and fill operations. Cut depth and fill thickness exceed 20m in parts of every developed lands. The tree vitality of conserved and planted Quercus serrata was used as a biological index of natural potential and its … More change caused by land transformation. Here low tree vitality point shows good tree growth and suggests high land potentiality, while high point shows poor tree growth and low potentiality. The range of point is between 1.00 and 5.00 Followings are the main results obtained from field study.1)Mean tree vitality points are low in conserved lands. The lowest-point area is in the Tomiya Hills in Sendai, probably because the hills are located near the distribution center of Quercus serrata forests and the soil condition of the hills is rather good particularly in physical property. On the other hand, the Senboku Hills in Osaka show relatively high points, which suggest the poorness of inherent natural land potentiality of the hills.2)Mean tree vitality points and variances remarkably increase in developed lands in every surveyed hills, suggesting the lowering of land potentiality through land transformation. However, uneven distribution of points can be observed according to the differences of site characteristics. For example, in the Tama Hills in Tokyo, tree vitality points on artificial fill are higher than those on cut which was made through the compaction of weathered volcanic ash by heavy machinery and provides worse plant growing conditon. Less

自20世纪60年代以来，大规模的住宅开发集中在郊区的山上，主要覆盖着次生林，其中包括锯齿栎和其他落叶和万年青树木，直到20世纪50年代所谓的燃料革命之前一直被用作矮林。典型的丘陵地形起伏较小，由新近纪或更新世早期的半固结或松散沉积物组成。地貌和地质条件使重型土方工程改造土地变得容易，本研究概述了丘陵的土地特征及其改造历史。在仙台、东京和大坂选定的山丘进行了实地研究，以衡量通过挖填作业形成的保护土地和开发土地的自然潜力。各开发区部分挖深、填方厚度超过20m。以保护地和人工造林的锯缘栎树体生命力作为自然潜力的生物学指标， ...更多信息土地改造引起的变化。在这里，树木活力低的点表示树木生长良好，表明土地潜力高，而高的点表示树木生长不良，潜力低。野外调查的主要结果如下：1）保护地树木平均生命力值较低。最低点在仙台的富谷丘陵，可能是因为该丘陵位于锯齿栎林分布中心附近，土壤条件特别是物理性质相当好。大坂仙北丘陵的树木平均活力值和方差在开发地均显著增加，说明土地改造降低了土地潜力。但是，根据场地特征的差异，可以观察到点的分布不均匀。例如，在东京的多摩山，人工填土上的树木活力点高于那些通过重型机械压实风化火山灰而形成的路堑上的树木活力点，并且提供了更差的植物生长条件。少