Political ecology of participatory forest management

参与式森林管理的政治生态学

• 批准号: 12572028
• 负责人: INOUE Makoto
• 金额: $ 9.54万
• 依托单位: THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12572028/
• 关键词: political ecology; participatory forest management; social forestry; community forestry; stakeholder; land; forest allocation; decentralization

(1) Objectives of the research were a) to evaluate the effectiveness of customary forest management systems by the local communities in Indonesia and Laos (study on cultural-ecology), and b) to clarify the condition of political-economic equilibrium after understanding the movement of various actors (or stakeholders) concerning to forest management and use (study on political economy to bridge he village and national level).(2) Research sites were three villages in the province of East Kalimantan, Indonesia, two villages in Oudomxai province and national Biodiversity Protected Area (NBCA) in Savannakhet province, Laos.(3) Result(a) In Indonesia, the local people still practice customary forest management effectively. Such systems can be regarded as "loose commons". Customary forest management by the local communities, however, is now in a critical situation, because various external actors (or stakeholders) entered into the forest region inn the transition era toward decentralization. In Laos, customary forest management by the local people have already been declined because of the effect of the long terra war disturbance, repeated migration of the villages, and control of the villages by communist regime. Instead, we found out that there are trails at village level to make clear regulation for the use of non wood forest products (NWFP). Such trial can be regarded as the process to construct "tight commons".(b) In Indonesia, it was found out that illegal logging was rampant while district governments were in conflict with central and provincial governments over the authority to control the forests. In Laos, it was fond out that the land/forest allocation projects were conducted without agreement by the communities and out of accordance with reality of the land use. We suggested that each stakeholder acts based on their own logic.

(1)研究的目的是：a)评估印度尼西亚和老挝当地社区传统森林管理制度的有效性(文化生态学研究)，以及b)在了解与森林管理和利用有关的不同行为者(或利益相关者)的运动后，澄清政治经济平衡的状况(政治经济学研究，架起村庄和国家层面的桥梁)。(2)研究地点是印度尼西亚东加里曼丹省的三个村庄、乌多姆赛省的两个村庄和老挝萨凡纳赫特省的国家生物多样性保护区(NBCA)。(3)结果(A)在印度尼西亚，当地人民仍然有效地实行传统的森林管理。这样的制度可以被视为“松散的公地”。然而，由于各种外部行为者(或利益攸关方)在向权力下放的过渡时期进入森林地区，地方社区的传统森林管理现在处于危急状态。在老挝，由于长期的土地战争动乱、村庄的反复迁移以及共产主义政权对村庄的控制，当地人民传统的森林管理已经减少。相反，我们发现村级有对非木材森林产品(NWFP)的使用进行明确监管的路径。(B)在印度尼西亚，发现非法采伐猖獗，而地方政府与中央和省级政府在森林管理权问题上发生冲突。在老挝，人们发现，土地/森林分配项目是在社区没有达成协议的情况下进行的，与土地使用的实际情况不符。我们建议每个利益相关者根据自己的逻辑行事。

项目成果

日本環境会議編集: "アジア環境白書2000/01*うち、井上・マルティヌス執筆分「インドネシア」P241-247"東洋経済報杜. 397 (2000)

日本环境协会编辑：井上·马丁努斯撰写的《亚洲环境白皮书2000/01*印度尼西亚》，P241-247，东洋经济报告397 (2000)。

Makoto Inoue , ed. by Seiji Kimua et al.: ""Perspective of the region" , Crisis of ecosystem and region : Kalimantan (in Japanese)"Yamakawa publisher. 53-85 (2000)

井上诚主编。

Makoto Inoue and Taisuke Miyauchi ed.: "Sociology of the commons (in Japanese)"Shinyousha. 251 (2001)

井上诚、宫内泰辅主编：《公共社会学（日文）》新阳社。

Martinus Nanang, Makoto Inoue: "Local Forest Management in Indonesia : A Contradiction Between National Forest Policy and Reality"International Review for Environmental Strategies. 1(1). 175-191 (2000)

Martinus Nanang、Makoto Inoue：“印度尼西亚的地方森林管理：国家森林政策与现实之间的矛盾”国际环境战略评论。

Japan Environmental Council (ed.): "The state of the environment in Asia 2002/2003 *うちMakoto Inoue & Martinus Nanang "Indonesia", p194-197"Springer-Verlag, Tokyo. 361 (2003)

日本环境委员会（编）：“2002/2003 年亚洲环境状况 *Makoto Inoue 和 Martinus Nanang “印度尼西亚”，第 194-197 页”Springer-Verlag，东京 361 (2003)。