A Study on Fostering Scientific Expressoin in Chemical Experiments of Secondary Education

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Our research is progressing to fostering scientific expression in experiment reports of upper secondary chemistry and lower secondary science. The following results derived from data.1. Students not only in upper secondary schools but also in lower secondary schools who used the fixed sentence patterns with "results" and "discussion" we developed become to describe not words only but sentences for experiment reports, though the contents are not appropriate enough. We think the results are good as the first step of fostering expression in experiment reports.2. Three elements -"data", "conclusions"and "resons" -in the fixed sentence patterns are equivalent to the first skelton -"data", "claim" and "warrants" -of Toulmin model which is the layout of arguments.3.We extracted twelve viewpoints -answer the question, not include too much informatoin in one sentence, etc.- in order to check "results" and "discussion" of experiment reports.4. Various factors -how to ask questoins, the size of answer space, how to explain the fixwd sentence patterns and whom students explain- influence expression of "results" and "discussion".5. We developed and revised 10 teating materials for individual experiments in upper secondary level and 5 materials in lower secondary level in order to foster expresson of "results" and "discussion".