Representations of "Poverty" "Misery" and "Cruelty" in Modern Literature : Research through Media Discourse

本研究旨在探讨日本现现代文学中“妖怪”的表征特征及其意义。什么是“怪物”？“怪物”是由讨厌和害怕怪物的系统产生的。怪物本身给人的印象是“丑陋的”、“可怕的”、“令人厌恶的”、“肮脏的”和“怪诞的”，但这种印象总是“某人”的印象。包含各种系统的社会系统是通过一套独特的识别系统、价值系统、经济系统、政治系统、时空系统、物理系统等建立起来的，通过这种不同系统的复杂组合，“不可识别”、“奇怪”或“不同”的称号产生了具有不寻常能力的怪物。因此，对怪物表征的研究应该揭示怪物所产生的社会系统对肉体的承认顺序。在文学和电影中，怪物的出现是为了描绘社会系统的秩序，而这些怪物的出现也是扭曲这些地区秩序的一种手段。换句话说，虽然公开揭示了怪物出现的顺序，但怪物本身带来的顺序导致了该顺序的修改。通过研究怪物的表征来考虑这两个过程是我研究怪物的目的。本研究的时期和主题是“怪物”在文学中的表现，通过“贫穷”、“悲惨”和“残忍”来表现；同时特别关注从1895年（明治28年）开始到1995年左右的数百年间，在大量恐怖文学中发现的大量“怪物”、“痛苦”和“残忍”的表现。

The purpose of this research is to examine the characteristics and significance of representations of"monsters" in Contemporary and Modern Japanese Literature.What is a "monster"? "Monsters" are brought about by systems in which monsters are loathed and feared. Monsters themselves cause an impression of monsters as "hideous", "frightening", "offensive","filthy" and "grotesque", but that impression always must be an impression according to "someone". Social systems which incorporate various systems are established through a unique set of recognition systems, values systems, economic systems, political systems, systems of time and space, physical systems, etc., and through this complex combination of diverse systems the designation of"unrecognizable", "strange" or "different" gives rise to monsters with unusual abilities.Therefore, the study of representations of monsters should reveal the order of acknowledgement to corporeality in the social systems in which monsters emerge. In literature and film where representations of monsters emerge, the order of those social systems is portrayed, and these appearances are also a device used to distort that order in those locales. In other words, while openly revealing the order in which a monster is brought forth, the order which the monster itself brings about leads to a modification of that order. Considering both of these processes through examining the representations of monsters is the purpose of my study of monsters.The period and subject of this research is the representation of "monsters" in literature which is expressed through "poverty", "misery" and "cruelty" ; while specifically looking at the voluminous representations of "monsters", "misery" and "cruelty" found in the vast body of horror literature which has emerged starting from 1895 (Meiji 28) through the following hundred years until around 1995.