Representations of "Poverty" "Misery" and "Cruelty" in Modern Literature : Research through Media Discourse

本研究旨在探讨日本现当代文学中“怪物”形象的表现特征及其意义。“怪物”是由怪物被厌恶和恐惧的系统带来的。怪物本身会给人留下“丑陋”、“可怕”、“无礼”、“肮脏”和“怪诞”的印象，但这种印象必须是“某人”的印象。包含各种系统的社会系统是通过一套独特的认识系统、价值系统、经济系统、政治系统、时间和空间系统、物理系统等建立起来的，通过这种不同系统的复杂组合，“不可识别”、“奇怪”或“不同”的称谓产生了具有不寻常能力的怪物。因此，对怪物表征的研究应该揭示怪物出现的社会系统中对身体现实的承认顺序。在文学和电影中，怪物的出现，描绘了这些社会制度的秩序，这些外观也是用来扭曲这些地方秩序的一种手段。换句话说，在公开揭示怪物产生的顺序的同时，怪物本身产生的顺序导致了对该顺序的修改。通过考察怪物的表现来考察这两个过程，是我研究怪物的目的，研究的时期和主题是文学中的“怪物”表现，表现为“贫穷”、“悲惨”和“残忍”;在具体观察“怪物”的大量表现时，从1895年（明治28年）开始，到1995年前后的一百年里，大量的恐怖文学中出现了“悲惨”和“残酷”。

The purpose of this research is to examine the characteristics and significance of representations of"monsters" in Contemporary and Modern Japanese Literature.What is a "monster"? "Monsters" are brought about by systems in which monsters are loathed and feared. Monsters themselves cause an impression of monsters as "hideous", "frightening", "offensive","filthy" and "grotesque", but that impression always must be an impression according to "someone". Social systems which incorporate various systems are established through a unique set of recognition systems, values systems, economic systems, political systems, systems of time and space, physical systems, etc., and through this complex combination of diverse systems the designation of"unrecognizable", "strange" or "different" gives rise to monsters with unusual abilities.Therefore, the study of representations of monsters should reveal the order of acknowledgement to corporeality in the social systems in which monsters emerge. In literature and film where representations of monsters emerge, the order of those social systems is portrayed, and these appearances are also a device used to distort that order in those locales. In other words, while openly revealing the order in which a monster is brought forth, the order which the monster itself brings about leads to a modification of that order. Considering both of these processes through examining the representations of monsters is the purpose of my study of monsters.The period and subject of this research is the representation of "monsters" in literature which is expressed through "poverty", "misery" and "cruelty" ; while specifically looking at the voluminous representations of "monsters", "misery" and "cruelty" found in the vast body of horror literature which has emerged starting from 1895 (Meiji 28) through the following hundred years until around 1995.