Representations of "Poverty" "Misery" and "Cruelty" in Modern Literature : Research through Media Discourse

本研究旨在探讨日本现当代文学中“怪兽”表现的特点和意义。什么是“怪物”？“怪物”是由厌恶和恐惧怪物的系统带来的。怪兽本身会给人一种怪兽的印象，那就是“丑陋”、“可怕”、“攻击性”、“肮脏”、“怪异”，但这种印象一定是根据“某人”而定的。包含各种系统的社会系统是通过一套独特的认识系统、价值系统、经济系统、政治系统、时空系统、物理系统等建立起来的，而通过这种复杂的不同系统的组合，“不认识的”、“奇怪的”或“不同的”的名称就会产生具有不同寻常能力的怪物。因此，对怪物的表征的研究应该揭示出在出现怪物的社会系统中对肉体现实的承认顺序。在出现怪物的文学和电影中，这些社会制度的秩序被描绘出来，这些外表也是在那些地方用来扭曲秩序的一种装置。换句话说，虽然公开地揭示了怪物产生的顺序，但怪物本身带来的顺序导致了对该顺序的修改。通过考察怪兽的表征来考虑这两个过程是我研究怪兽的目的。本研究的时期和主题是文学中的“怪兽”的表征，它通过“贫穷”、“苦难”和“残忍”来表达；同时具体考察从1895年(明治28年)开始出现的大量恐怖文学中对“怪物”、“苦难”和“残忍”的大量表征，从1895年(明治28)开始，一直到1995年左右。

The purpose of this research is to examine the characteristics and significance of representations of"monsters" in Contemporary and Modern Japanese Literature.What is a "monster"? "Monsters" are brought about by systems in which monsters are loathed and feared. Monsters themselves cause an impression of monsters as "hideous", "frightening", "offensive","filthy" and "grotesque", but that impression always must be an impression according to "someone". Social systems which incorporate various systems are established through a unique set of recognition systems, values systems, economic systems, political systems, systems of time and space, physical systems, etc., and through this complex combination of diverse systems the designation of"unrecognizable", "strange" or "different" gives rise to monsters with unusual abilities.Therefore, the study of representations of monsters should reveal the order of acknowledgement to corporeality in the social systems in which monsters emerge. In literature and film where representations of monsters emerge, the order of those social systems is portrayed, and these appearances are also a device used to distort that order in those locales. In other words, while openly revealing the order in which a monster is brought forth, the order which the monster itself brings about leads to a modification of that order. Considering both of these processes through examining the representations of monsters is the purpose of my study of monsters.The period and subject of this research is the representation of "monsters" in literature which is expressed through "poverty", "misery" and "cruelty" ; while specifically looking at the voluminous representations of "monsters", "misery" and "cruelty" found in the vast body of horror literature which has emerged starting from 1895 (Meiji 28) through the following hundred years until around 1995.