Risk for Child Psychopathology: A Twin-Study Perspective

儿童精神病理学的风险：双胞胎研究的视角

• 批准号: 7202880
• 负责人: Harold Hill Goldsmith
• 金额: $ 62.95万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-12-10 至 2011-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7202880
• 关键词: 2 year old; Adolescent; Affect; Affective; Age; Anger; Anxiety; Architecture; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavioral; Biological; Biometry; Birth; Caregivers; Child; Child Mental Health; Childhood; Classification; Cognitive; Comorbidity; Computers; Conduct Disorder; Conflict (Psychology); Control Groups; DSM-IV; Decision Making; Depressed mood; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Dimensions; Disease; Disease regression; Early Diagnosis; Economics; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Etiology; Event; Factor Analysis; Family; Family history of; Family member; Foundations; Fright; Future; Genetic; Genetic Techniques; Heterogeneity; Home environment; Hydrocortisone; Individual; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Interview; Investigation; Knowledge; Link; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Medical Records; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Methodology; Modeling; Nature; Outcome; Parenting behavior; Parents; Patient Self-Report; Prevention intervention; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychopathology; Public Health; Qualifying; Quantitative Genetics; Questionnaires; Rate; Reaction Time; Recovery; Recruitment Activity; Regulation; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research Methodology; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Schools; Science; Screening procedure; Sensory; Social Interaction; Social Problems; Source; Specific qualifier value; Stress; Structure; Symptoms; Temperament; Testing; Testosterone; Time; Translations; Twin Multiple Birth; Twin Studies; Videotape; base; biopsychosocial; dehydroepiandrosterone; design; endophenotype; experience; follow-up; improved; indexing; interest; intervention program; psychosocial; skills; theories; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Using the resources of an epidemiologically defined, longitudinal twin study, we examine developmental course and biopsychosocial risks for childhood psychopathology. Building on existing screening at ages 2 and 7 years, we characterize risk factors at ages 2, 7, and 12 relevant to the development of internalizing (anxiety and depression), externalizing (oppositional and conduct disorder), and ADHD. Most of our at-risk cases qualify for a DSM-IV diagnosis, yet we include individuals with sub-threshold symptoms and a large control group. Specific aims include characterization of risk factors, analysis of genetic and environmental effects, and improved measurement and classification of childhood disorders. "Child-based" risk factors include earlier symptoms, temperament and stress reactivity, basal and reactive cortisol, testosterone and DHEA, cognitive abilities and attributional styles, and cognitive-affective processing skills. Family and other psychosocial risk factors include parental diagnosis and family history of psychopathology, twin-twin and twin-parent social interaction styles, multiple facets of family stress, and negative parenting. The research methods that we employ include structured diagnostic interviews with caregivers and children, medical records, observer ratings, child self-report and parent-report questionnaires, videotaped home-based behavioral batteries, and computer-based testing (mostly reaction time tasks). The study's significance lies in understanding how known risk factors interact and/or mediate each other's effects on child psychopathology in a genetically informative, longitudinal design. Twin methodology allows us to parse phenotypic variance and covariance among measures into genetic and environmental components, and the components are studied developmentally. The results should also enhance our understanding of comorbidity, heterogeneity within disorders, and the association of disorders with traits. The project's public health relevance lies in its identification of risk factors for common childhood disorders and its investigation of how they interact in the context of genetic and environmental factors. The knowledge gained should inform efforts toward early detection, improved interventions, and better classification of childhood disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：利用流行病学定义的纵向双胞胎研究的资源，我们研究了儿童精神病理学的发育过程和生物心理社会风险。在现有的2岁和7岁筛查的基础上，我们描述了2岁、7岁和12岁时与内化（焦虑和抑郁）、外化（对立和行为障碍）和多动症发展相关的风险因素。我们的大多数高危病例符合DSM-IV的诊断，但我们包括了亚阈值症状的个体和一个大的对照组。具体目标包括确定风险因素，分析遗传和环境影响，以及改进儿童疾病的测量和分类。“以儿童为基础”的风险因素包括早期症状、气质和应激反应、基础和反应性皮质醇、睾酮和脱氢表雄酮、认知能力和归因方式，以及认知情感处理技能。家庭和其他社会心理风险因素包括父母诊断和精神病理学家族史、双胞胎和双胞胎的社会互动方式、家庭压力的多个方面以及消极的养育方式。我们采用的研究方法包括对照顾者和儿童的结构化诊断访谈、医疗记录、观察者评分、儿童自我报告和父母报告问卷、家庭行为录像以及基于计算机的测试（主要是反应时间任务）。这项研究的意义在于了解已知的风险因素如何在遗传信息丰富的纵向设计中相互作用和/或调解彼此对儿童精神病理的影响。双胞胎方法使我们能够将表型变异和协方差分析为遗传和环境成分，并对这些成分进行发育研究。研究结果也应该增强我们对疾病的合并症、异质性以及疾病与特征的关联的理解。该项目的公共卫生相关性在于确定常见儿童疾病的风险因素，并调查它们如何在遗传和环境因素的背景下相互作用。所获得的知识应该为早期发现、改进干预措施和更好地分类儿童疾病提供信息。