CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES OF HUMAN FILARIASIS

最近的临床和流行病学研究已经确定了 对丝虫感染具有天然免疫力的个体。 一些感染者可能在很长一段时间内保持微丝蚴血症。 时间，没有发展明显的淋巴病理，但其他发展 这种病理学可以在持续的 微丝蚴血症或微丝蚴血症清除后。 底层 这些差异的机制正在遗传和 免疫水平。 用PCR扩增皮肤病患者皮肤切片中的寄生虫DNA 提高了盘尾丝虫病的诊断敏感性和特异性， 该测定已被配置成ELISA格式， 适用因淋巴丝虫病DNA检测的研究进展 也已经开发并投入到可应用的领域中 格式. 与盘尾丝虫病治疗相关的不良反应， 淋巴丝虫病已被证明是由促炎因子介导的， 细胞因子（IL-6和TNF-α），生长因子IL-5和GM-CSF，以及 嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子。 阿苯达唑，一种主要具有杀灭巨丝虫作用的驱虫药 效果，已被证明能够成功地治疗洛托宁 对标准疗法无效。

Recent clinical and epidemiological studies have defined the presence of individuals with natural immunity to infection with filarial parasites. Some infected individuals may remain microfilaremic over long periods of time, without developing overt lymphatic pathology, but others develop such pathology that can develop either in the setting of persistent microfilaremia or after microfilaremia has cleared. The underlying mechanisms for these differences are being assessed at the genetic and immunologic level. PCR-based amplifications of parasite DNA in skin snips from patients with onchocerciasis have increased diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, and the assays have been configured into an ELISA format that is field applicable. Efforts to acheive detection DNA in lymphatic filariasis and in loiasis have also been developed and placed into field applicable formats. Adverse reactions associated with treatment of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis have been shown to be mediated by proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-a), the growth factors IL-5 and GM-CSF, and the eosinophil chemoattractant, RANTES. Albendazole, an anthelmintic drug with primarily macrofilaricidal effects, has been shown capable of successfully treating loiasis refractory to standard therapy.