Proj 1: Cognitive Control: Brian Mapping (116-142)

这个项目的目标是利用脑成像方法，包括功能磁共振成像和事件相关电位，以及计算 建模，以检查认知控制中涉及的神经机制，包括过程 需要对信息进行选择、处理、抑制和评估。 有两个主要目标。第一个主要目的是测试我们的认知控制神经模型的有效性。 使用功能磁共振成像、事件相关电位和计算模型来阐明前额叶皮质的组织结构 以履行行政职能。我们将检验这样一种假设，即控制是通过一系列涉及 前额叶皮质的不同区域，每个区域都参与选择一种不同类型的心理 代表权。我们将通过实证研究来做到这一点，在这些研究中，fMRI和ERP数据是并行收集的，并且 通过构建的计算模型来表示前额脑之间的相互依赖 在连锁效应中起作用的地区。第二个主要目标是调查假设 参与抑制或抑制内部心理表征的神经基础不同于 那些涉及放大或维持内部心理表征的人。这些研究将使用 FMRI研究与选择、放大和抑制思维有关的神经底物 使用了两种新的范式。 这个项目解决了该中心正在研究的两个主要问题，即 执行功能的前额叶皮质的组织和执行功能的认知基础。 本项目将在中执行的工作旨在与有关 方案2、3和5中前额叶皮质的组织以及关于认知的平行研究 项目2、3、4和5中执行职能的组成部分。值得注意的是，与中心的所有其他项目一样，它 在神经生物学、心理学和计算机分析水平上研究这些问题。 这个项目的结果将扩大我们对认知控制过程的理解 由大脑执行。这些发现对精神障碍有广泛的影响，包括： (一)注意力障碍，如注意力缺陷多动障碍；(二)反思性思维模式； 例如强迫症，(Iii)不想要的想法和图像的侵入，如创伤后 应激障碍，以及(Iv)将自我产生的思想归因为 相比于从别人身上散发出来的是模糊的，比如精神分裂症。

The goal of this project is to utilize brain mapping methods, both fMRI and ERPs, as well as computational modeling, to examine the neural mechanisms involved in cognitive control, which include processes requiring the selection, manipulation, inhibition, and evaluation of information. There are two main aims. The first main aim is to test the validity of our neural model of cognitive control using fMRI, ERPs, and computational modeling as a way to elucidate the organization of prefrontal cortex for executive function. We will test the hypothesis that control occurs via a cascade of processing involving distinct regions of prefrontal cortex, each of which is involved in selection of a distinct type of mental representation. We will do so via empirical studies in which fMRI and ERP data are collected in parallel and via computational model that is structured to represent the interdependences between prefrontal brain regions that play a role in the cascade. The second main aim is to to investigate the hypothesis that the neural substrates involved in the inhibition or suppression of internal mental representations are distinct from those involved in amplification or maintenance of internal mental representations. These studies will use fMRI to investigate the neural substrates involved in the selection, amplification, and suppression of thoughts using two novel paradigms. This project addresses both of the major questions that the center is examining, namely the nature of the organization of prefrontal cortex for executive function and the cognitive underpinnings of executive function. The work to be performed in in this project is designed to interface with parallel investigations regarding the organizaiton of prefrontal cortex in Projects 2 3, and 5, and parallel investigations about the cognitive components of executive function in Projects 2,3, 4 and 5. Of note, as with all other projects in the center, it examines these quesitons at the neurobiological, psychological and computational levels of analysis. Results from this project will expand our understanding of how cognitive control processes can be implemented by the brain. Such findings have large-ranging implications for psychiatric disorders involving: (i) attentional dysfunction, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder,(ii) ruminative thought patterns, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, (iii) the intrusion of unwanted thoughts and images, such as posttraumatic stress disorder, and (iv) disorders in which the attribution of thoughts as self-generated as compared to emanating from others is blurred, such as schizophrenia.