The Change of the Policy System in Japanese Politics since 1980s

1研究者将自己的研究课题相关的书籍和资料编成目录。2在每月的会议上，研究者们阅读了自己的研究成果，并进行了热烈的讨论。此外，我们还举办了访问日本的外国政治学者的讲座，从比较政治学的角度得到了有益的启示。(1)在理论上，我们对新制度主义和政策网络理论进行了提炼。(2)从总体上看，新的政策体系具有一些不同于旧政策体系的特点，如企业界和外国政府参与政策过程，政府对自由化和国际化的市场压力的适应滞后，政治行动者之间的政策趋同，国家政策工具的减少，劳资合作的趋同，以及新的劳工参与政策制定等。以Rengo为代表。(3)新制度主义对产业政策的分析表明，20世纪80年代的新自由主义思潮实际上是20世纪70年代“公共领域外”现象的延伸，并表明日本的政治经济体制不同于美英等国的新保守主义。(4)通过对日美贸易冲突的分析，可以看出贸易谈判的结构受到相关商会政治力量、改革网络、美国国会、政治领导、外国直接投资和政策组织的影响，并表明这种结构在20世纪90年代以后由于对外国压力的感知减弱和政治领导条件的缺乏而正在发生变化。我们将研究这些政策变化在九十年代政治改革过程中是如何发展的。

1 Earch investigator has made catalogs on books and materials concerning about a research issue assigned to him.2 Each investigator read his research results at the monthly meeting and we had vigorous discussion on it. Besides, we held lectures by foreign political scientists visiting Japan and got useful implications in terms of comparative politics.3 We've got the following results concerning about politics in Japan since 1980s.(1) As for theory, we refined the new institutionalism and the policy network theory.(2) Generally, there are some characters of the recent policy system different from old one, such as participation in policy process by the business sector and foreign governments, delayd adaptation of the government to market pressure of liberalization and internationalization, convergence of policies among political actors, reduction of state's policy tools, convergence on cooperation of labor and capital, and recent labor's participation in policymaking, symbolized by Rengo.(3) A new institutionalist analysis of the industrial policy indicates that so called neo-liberalism trend of 1980s is indeed an extension of out-of-public-area phenomenon of 1970s and suggests the Japanese political-economic system different from the neo-conservatism like the United States and Britain.(4) An analysis of Japan-US trade conflict draws the structure of trade negotiation affected by political power of concerned business association, reform network, US Congress, political leadership, foreign direct investment and policy organization and shows that such a structure is changing because of weakened perception of foreign pressure and lack of the condition of political leadership after 1990s.4 From now, we'll research into how these policy changes develops in the process of political reform in 1990s.