The role of genetic diversity in biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships

遗传多样性在生物多样性-生态系统功能研究中往往被忽视。然而，功能可能取决于遗传多样性以及物种之间的多样性，两者可能相互作用。此外，物种多样性的变化可能影响遗传多样性。在四个工作包（WP）中，我们将探讨遗传多样性（GD）的作用以及物种多样性（SD）对遗传多样性的影响。WP1：实验遗传多样性及其与实验物种多样性的交互作用对植物生产性能的影响。在主试验中，我们在24块1亩土地上进行了SD和GD（不同种子科数）的因子杂交。我们将全面评估这些地块上所有树木的植物性能（生物量、生长、草食性、病原体负荷）与GD及其与SD的相互作用的关系。WP2：实验SD对植物测量树遗传变异的影响常驻植物和附加植物测量树的定义种子科使我们能够评估植物性能的遗传变异以及遗传变异和表型可塑性在树木多样性响应中的相对作用。任务1：评估常驻植物计树的性能（主要实验中定期种植的12种种子科，总计bbb45000株）我们将评估所有植物测量树的植物性能（生物量生产、生长、草食、病原体负荷），以分析遗传变异、表型可塑性和可塑性的遗传变异（即种子家族与环境的相互作用）对SD和样地组成的响应。WP3：自然SD效应对遗传变异的影响我们用在CSPs中收集的10种无性系灌木物种的数百个无性系建立了一个共同花园。我们将利用这个实验来研究SD和CSPs组成对数量遗传变异的影响。此外，我们将把克隆（插枝）移植到低物种多样性和高物种多样性的样地，以解决表型可塑性和遗传变异对csp中植物性能的相对重要性，并测试是否存在对多样性或特定csp的适应。如果不允许移栽到主要试验田，我们会移栽到多样性高、低的试验田。花期和繁殖遗传多样性越来越多地依赖于小区中不同的后代招募。多样性对繁殖和后代生长和生存的影响可能与对已建树木的多样性影响不同。作为评估与SD相关的后代表现的第一步，我们将评估主实验中已经进入生殖状态的七个物种的开花、结实和结实率。总的来说，我们的子项目将全面探索SD对GD的影响以及GD对植物性能的作用。

Genetic diversity is usually neglected in biodiversity-ecosystem functioning studies. However, functioning may depend on genetic diversity as well as on between-species diversity, and the two might interact. Also, variation in species diversity may affect genetic diversity. In four work packages (WP) we will explore the role of genetic diversity (GD) and the effects of species diversity (SD) on GD.WP1: The role of experimental genetic diversity and of its interaction with expe rimental species diversity for plant performanceIn the Main Experiment, we factorially crossed SD and GD (different numbers of seed families) on 24 1-mu plots. We will comprehensively assess plant performance (biomass, growth, herbivory, pathogen load) of all trees on these plots in relation to GD and its interaction with SD.WP2: Experimental SD effects on genetic variation of phytometer treesResident and additional phytometer trees of defined seed families allow us to assess genetic variation in plant performance and the relative roles of genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity in tree responses to diversity.Task 1: Assessing resident phytometer tree performance (seed families of 12 species regularly planted in the Main Experiment, totaling >45000 individuals)Task 2: Assessing additional phytometer tree performance (seed families of 1 species, Machilus thunbergii, in all plots, totaling >7000 individuals)We will assess plant performance (biomass production, growth, herbivory, pathogen load) of all phytometer trees to analyze genetic variation, phenotypic plasticity, and genetic variation in plasticity (i.e. seed family x environment interactions) in response to SD and composition in the plots.WP3: Natural SD effects on genetic variationWe established a common garden with hundreds of clones of ten clonal shrub species collected in the CSPs. We will use this experiment to address effects of SD and composition of the CSPs on quantitative genetic variation. Moreover, we will transplant clones (cuttings) to plots of low and high species diversity to address the relative importance of phenotypic plasticity and genetic variation for plant performance in the CSPs, and to test whether there is adaptation to diversity or specific CSPs. If transplantation to the CSPs should not be permitted, we will transplant to high and low diversity plots of the Main Experiment.WP 4: Flowering and reproductionGenetic diversity depends to an increasing degree on differential offspring recruitment in the plots. Diversity effects on reproduction and offspring growth and survival may deviate from diversity effects on established trees. As a first step towards assessing offspring performance in relation to SD we will assess flowering, fruit set and seed set in the seven species of the Main Experiment that have already entered the reproductive state. Overall, our subproject will comprehensively explore the effects of SD on GD and the role of GD for plant performance.