Mechanically Engineered Devices with Micro- and Nano Structures for Reconstructions of Locomotory Organs

1.经皮装置和牙种植体的生物附着为了提高经皮装置和牙种植体的性能，制备了一种模型标本，其表面具有周围组织的胶原纤维自发锚定的微观结构。用大鼠进行的植入试验表明，所有没有微结构的样品都从皮肤中脱落，但有微结构的样品从皮肤中脱落的数量明显减少。此外，组织学观察显示胶原纤维锚定在显微结构上。人工韧带与骨隧道的生物固定为了改进人工韧带与骨隧道的锚固，制备了纤维结构稀疏的涤纶非织造布样品，期望纤维之间的间隙能长入骨。将试件植入大鼠股骨，甲壳素涂层试件比未涂层试件有更大的支抗和骨生长。从而证明了甲壳素涂层的有效性。具有机械生物相容性的小径动脉再生制备了力学性能与天然动脉相似的钙化生物支架。将支架植入大鼠颈总动脉。植入4周后，支架通畅，内腔被内皮细胞覆盖。因此，我们提出了用具有机械生物相容性和材料生物相容性的生物支架重建小口径动脉的可能性。周围神经的再生将生物材料和可生物吸收的合成聚合物结合在一起的装置是为周围神经的再生而开发的。实现足够强度的器件以维持内腔的结构被发现是再生的关键。

1. Biological attachment of percutaneous devices and dental implantsFor the improved performance of percutaneous devices and dental implants, a model specimen was prepared which had the microstructure on the specimen surfaces to which collagen fibers of surrounding tissues anchors spontaneously. Implantation tests using the rats demonstrated that all of the specimens without the microstructure dropped out from the skin, however, significantly less number of specimens with the microstructure were dropped out of skin. Further, histological observation demonstrated the anchoring of collagen fibers to the microsurtucture2. Biological fixation of the artificial ligaments to bone tunnelsFor the improved anchorage of the artificial ligaments to bone tunnels, nonwoven polyester fabrics specimens with sparse fiber structure were prepared, in which bone ingrowth into the space between the fibers was expected. Implantation of the specimen into the femur of rat demonstrated significant greater anchorage and bone ingrowth in the chitin coated specimens than noncoated specimens. Thus efficacy of chitin coating was proved.3. Regeneration of small diameter arteries with mechanical biocompatibilityAccelularized bioscaffolds which have the similar mechanical compliances with natural arteries were prepared. The scaffolds were implanted to the common carotid artery of rat. After 4 weeks implantation, the scaffolds were found patent and inner lumen was covered by the endothelial cells. Thus we suggested the possibility of reconstruct small diameter arteries with the bioscaffolds having the mechanical biocompatibility as well as material biocompatibility.4. Regeneration of peripheral nerveThe devices combining biological materials and bioabsorbable synthetic polymers were developed for the regeneration of peripheral nerves. The structure to realize the enough strength of devices to maintain the inner cavity was found crucial for the regeneration.