Understanding ecological networks by means of advanced environmental measurement technology and development of new environmental conservation strategy

本研究得到的主要结果如下：(1)通过计算一个新提出的指数“CON”来评价森林的连通性，该指数被定义为在3×3网格单元中围绕中心森林网格的森林网格单元的数量，使用标准网格（近似）。1千米网格单元格)的植被数据。陆生哺乳动物的分布覆盖在森林连通性上。根据对CON-value的反应将这些哺乳动物分为4类：1)山地哺乳动物，2)半山地哺乳动物，3)山地哺乳动物，4)对CON-value反应较低的哺乳动物。研究结果表明，中国中部地区的森林覆盖率相对较低。森林连通性与地形因素密切相关。(2)在孝原山区监测了无线电项圈黑熊（Ursus thibetanus japonicus）的活动情况。利用地理信息系统（GIS）分析了生境植被的分布范围、运动规律和特征。(3) GPS（全球定位系统）-在金喀山岛的一只雌梅花鹿（Cervus nippon）和两只雄性黑熊（Ursus thibetanus japonicus）上分别安装了项圈，一只在Hyounosen地区，另一只在Chichibu地区。在金喀山岛成功回收gps项圈，并下载位置数据。GIS综合分析表明，鹿群的生境存在季节性变化。(4) 1998年和1999年对灰面秃鹰（Butastur indicus）的迁徙进行了卫星跟踪。利用卫星定位、野外观测和GIS分析等方法，对冲绳石垣岛的秃鹰越冬栖息地进行了研究。在10只具有ptt（平台发射机终端）的个体中，有3只成功地从冲绳石垣岛和Iriomote岛的越冬地点追踪到它们的繁殖地。虽然可以确定其迁徙路线的一部分，但对一只个体秋季迁徙的追踪并不完全成功。春天，秃鹰沿着琉球群岛和Satsunan群岛向北迁徙。它们重复着一天一次的迁徙模式，中间在小岛上停留或短或长。在冬天，秃鹰避开森林，更喜欢农田和草原。少

The main results obtained by this study are as follows.(1) Connectivity of forests was evaluated by calculating a newly proposed index "CON", which is defined as the number of forest grid cells around a central forest grid in a 3×3 grid cell, using a standard grid (approx. 1km grid cell)-based data on vegetation. Distribution of terrestrial mammals was overlain on the forest connectivity. These mammals were classified into four groups according to the reaction of each species to the CON-value : 1) mountain-dwelling mammals, 2) semi-mountain dwelling mammals, 3) hill-dwelling mammals, and 4) mammals showing low reactions to CON-value. The results of our study indicated that the forests in Chugoku district are comparatively fragmented for its forest coverage ratio. The forest connectivity is strongly correlated to topographical factors.(2) Movements of radio-collared black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) were monitored in the Hyounosen Mountain region. By using GIS, their homerange si … More ze, movement pattern and characteristics of habitat vegetation were analyzed.(3) GPS (Global Positioning System)-Collars were attached to one female Sika deer (Cervus nippon) on Kinkazan Island, and to two male black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus), one in Hyounosen region and another in Chichibu region. The GPS-collar in Kinkazan Island was successfully recovered and the location data was downloaded. The integrated analysis by GIS showed that the deer seasonally changed its habitat.(4) The migration of Gray-faced Buzzards (Butastur indicus) was satellite-tracked in 1998 and 1999. Wintering habitat of the buzzards was also studied using satellite locations, field observations, and GIS analysis on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa. Three of the ten individuals with PTTs (platform transmitter terminals) were successfully tracked from the wintering sites on Ishigaki and Iriomote Islands, Okinawa, to their breeding sites. Tracking of the autumn migration of one individual was not fully successful, although a part of its migration route could be determined. In spring, the buzzards migrated north along the Ryukyu Islands and the Satsunan Islands. They repeated a migration pattern of single day movements separated by short to long stop-overs on small islands. In winter, the buzzards avoided forests and preferred farmlands and grasslands. Less