Research on the interaction between science policy and research system at universities

1. 日本学术研究政策的特点在日本，学术科学政策或学术政策研究主要是为了促进国立大学的自然科学研究而进行的。保护创造研究成果的科学家和高度尊重科学家的自主权也是该政策的具体特征。近年来，社会和经济的变化要求传统的政策态度在这一领域更加开放的公众，行业等。教育科学文化部也有望加强政策规划职能。促进社会科学和人文科学是政府改善科学政策的一个大议程。与自然科学不同，社会科学和人文科学一直被认为是由于高等教育的扩张而缺乏资源。日本大学的研究体系与国外的比较在日本，大部分的研究活动是由大学一般预算资助的（这被称为“Kohi”）。)，通常不需要评估。据说这一制度对更好的、创造性的研究活动的激励作用非常大，我们发现日本的研究经费制度存在很多问题。

1. Specific Features of Japanese Academic Research PolicyIn Japan, academic science policy or academic policy research has mainly been done for the promotion of natural science research at national universities. Protection of scientists, who produce output of research, and high regard for scientists autonomy have also been specific features of the policy.Recently, social and economic changes require traditional attitude of the policy in this area to be more open to public, industry and so forth. Ministry of Education, Science and Culture is also expected to strengthen the function of policy planning.Promotion of social sciences and humanities is a big agenda for the government to improve its science policy. Unlike natural sciences, social sciences and humanities have been regarded suffering with the lack of resources according to the expansion of higher education.2. Research system at Japanese Universities in comparison of foreign countriesIn Japan, most part of research activities are funded by general university budget (It is called "Kohi. ") and they are usually not required evaluation. It is said that the incentive for better and creative research activities is very week this system, and we found many problems regarding to Japanese research funding system.