Research of working condition, household management and sharing child-rearing among dual-career couples in Japan

近年来，双职工（工薪族）夫妇一直在稳步增加，他们在日本老龄化社会中担任重要工作。本研究的主要目的是通过参考芝加哥大学研究小组的问卷调查，采用文献分析法和问卷调查法，了解她们的工作状况、子女抚养支持、生活满意度等。2005年，我们对3930对夫妇进行了调查。共回收样本2358对，回收率为60.0%。":职业母亲的“亚日盖（挑战感和/或有效感）”与人口统计学因素无关，但与工作发展感受、办公室氛围、榜样、同事咨询等意识价值有显著正相关。2）丈夫分担育儿：丈夫的工作环境，如带薪休假和工作时间短的积极氛围，对这一比例产生了积极影响。3）自由回答：妻子自由回答的比例为18%，丈夫为8%。它们展示了职业母亲的真实的状况，如“很多妇女倾向于推迟第一次分娩，直到成为酋长”。此外，还包括“对丈夫获得的育儿假少的惩罚性公司税”等建议。许多作者在以往的研究中指出，在东亚国家，关于双职工夫妇的英文文章很少。因此，我们在2006年的会议上翻译并分发了交叉表的英文译文，并在2007年的国际会议上进行了口头和海报展示。(293字）

The dual-career (earner) couples have been increasing steadily in recent years, and they serve the significant work in Japan as the aging society. The aim of this research is to clarify the conditions of them, such as working condition, child rearing support, and life satisfaction.The methods of the research were the literature review and the questionnaire survey, which was referred to the survey by the research group in Chicago University. Our survey was conducted to 3930 couples in 2005. The 2358 pairs were collected pairs and the recovery ratio was 60.0%.Main findings are as follows:1) Working mothers' "Yarigai.": Working mothers' "Yarigai (feeling of challenging and /or effective)" has the significant positive relations, not to the demographic factors, but to the consciousness valuables such as feelings of her development in work, good atmosphere of the office, role models, or colleagues who consult her.2) Husbands' sharing of child-rearing: It was affected positively by the working environment of husbands, such as positive atmosphere for taking paid holidays and short working time. Furthermore it was affected by emotional support to wives.3) Free answers: The ratios of free answers are 18% in wives and 8% in husbands. They show the real conditions of working mothers such as "A lot of women tend to postpone the first childbirth until becoming a chief". In addition they include the proposals such as "The penalty corporation tax for the low child-care leave acquisition by husbands".Many authors in previous researches pointed out that there were only a few English articles on the dual-career couples in the East-Asian countries. Thus we translated and distributed the English translation of the cross tabulation in conferences in 2006, and made the oral and poster presentations in the international conference in 2007. (293 words)