Effects of Focus on form in a cross-cultural interaction project on the development of Japanese EFL learners' English Proficiency

本研究旨在探讨重写形式对日语学习者英语水平发展的影响。改写是一种教学处理，通过重写学生的文章，保留学生的所有想法，引导学生专注于形式。重新表述被认为对第二语言的发展是有效的，因为它既为学习者提供了隐含的负面证据，证明了某些形式是非目的性的，也提供了积极的证据，表明了概念如何以目的性的方式表达(Adams，2003)。换言之，重述的作用就像是书面重演，给学习者提供了检验他们的中介语假设的机会。在这项研究中，22名日本大学生与韩国大学生用英语进行交流的真实语言使用项目中纳入了重新表述。在两个月的时间里，参与者用英语交换了指定主题的a-mail，如流行文化、求职…更多的G局势、军事服务和日韩关系。本研究人员通过修改电子邮件的一部分来帮助日语参与者写作。为了检验重写的效果，在前测和后测的设计中，通过写作测试和两个语法测试来测量日本学习者的英语水平。参与者的写作从流利度(wpm，词频分布)、准确性(每t单位的错误发生率)和复杂性(每t单位的平均词数)进行评估。结果表明，作为一种专注于形式的处理方法，重述能够有效地提高日本英语学习者在使用书面英语时的流利性、语法准确性和复杂性。本研究还明确了日韩大学生英语跨文化交际促进了日本学生积极使用本国英语的动机，促进了日韩大学生之间的相互理解。较少

This study examines the impact of reformulation as a focus-on-form treatment on the development of Japanese learners' English proficiency. Reformulation is an instructional treatment that guides learners to focus on form by rewriting learners' essays, preserving all the learners' ideas. Reformulation is thought to be effective for second language development because it provides learners with both implicit negative evidence that some forms are non-targetlike as well as positive evidence of how the idea can be expressed in a targetlike manner (Adams, 2003). Reformulation, in other words, functions as a written recast that gives learners opportunities to test their interlanguage hypothesis. In this study, reformulation was incorporated into an authentic language use project in which 22 Japanese university students communicated in English with their Korean counterparts. Over a period of two months, participants exchanged a-mails in English on assigned topics such as pop culture, job-huntin … More g situations, military services, and Japanese-Korean relations. The present researcher assisted Japanese participants in their writing by reformulating a portion of the e-mails. In order to examine the effects of reformulation, the Japanese learners' English proficiency was measured with writing tests and two grammar tests in a pre-test, post-test design. The participants' writings were evaluated in terms of fluency (wpm, lexical frequency profile), accuracy (the incidence of errors per t-unit)and complexity(the average number of words per t-unit). Results revealed that reformulation as a focus-on-form treatment was effective for developing Japanese EFL learners' fluency, grammatical accuracy, and complexity in their use of written English. In this research, it was also made clear that cross-cultural communication between Japanese and Korean university students in English promoted Japanese students' motivation for using their own English actively and mutual understanding between Japanese and Korean university students. Less