BONE LOSS WITH AGE--EPIDEMIOLOGY, FAMILIAL AND CROSS-CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

成人骨丢失是一种普遍现象，并可能导致骨折 骨质疏松症。这个项目调查的是流行病学、遗传学、 骨丢失的横断面、纵向和跨文化方面 BLSA的参与者，以及来自欧洲、日本、 澳大拉西亚、中美洲和非洲。作为正在进行的研究的一部分 在BLSA人群中的骨骼状况，我们检查了这种关联 DUAL测量股骨颈骨密度(股骨BMD) 能量X射线吸收法(DEXA)与吸烟的关系 高加索男性和404名高加索女性，年龄在21-93岁，他们是 分为现在吸烟者、以前吸烟者和从不吸烟者(吸烟者曾经吸烟 2年或以上)。在对男性的年龄、体重、身高进行调整后， 现在和以前吸烟者的女性骨密度明显低于从未吸烟者 吸烟者(0.92加\减02克/厘米~2，0.95加\减0.01克/厘米~2与 0.98plus\-01g/cm2，p小于0.05)，但这在 妇女(根据雌激素状况进行调整)。控制吸烟多年 戒烟多年会增加对男性的影响，但对女性没有影响。 这种性别差异的原因将进一步调查，并可能是 由于暴露的不同。我们还检查了体重的影响 负重和肥胖对骨密度(BMD)的影响 18-96岁高加索男性和女性的非负重骨骼。在 女性(n=494)骨密度变异的49%可由半径、年龄来解释。 男性占19%(n=974)。重量解释了两者差异的5%-6% 性别，但并没有改善年龄模型。仅身高一项就解释了20% 女性的差异和男性的10%；身高和年龄解释了52%的 女性和男性的桡骨骨密度差异分别为22%和22%。在股骨颈， 年龄本身就解释了女性BMD变化的36%(n=454)和15% 男性(393例)。体重本身就能解释性别差异的11%； 年龄和体重可以解释42%的女性和22%的男性的差异。高度 仅此一项就解释了女性股骨颈骨密度变化的3%和6%。 男性，但不会提高年龄或年龄和体重模型。肥胖， 以体脂百分比(根据皮褶估算)和腰臀来衡量 这两个部位的骨密度比值都不是独立的预测因子。年龄和 身高预示着桡骨的骨密度，而年龄和体重解释了大部分 臀部骨密度的变化。

Adult bone loss is a universal phenomenon, and may lead to bone fracture and osteoporosis. This project investigates the epidemiological, genetic, cross-sectional, longitudinal and cross-cultural aspects of bone loss among participants of the BLSA, and among genetic isolates from Europe, Japan, Australasia, Central America and Africa. As part of our ongoing studies of bone status in the BLSA population, we examined the association between femoral neck bone mineral density (femBMD) measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and cigarette smoking in 391 Caucasian men and 404 Caucasian women aged 21-93 years, who were categorized as current, former, and never smokers (smokers had smoked for 2 or more years). After adjustment for age, weight, height, in men, current and former smokers have significantly lower femBMD than never smokers (0.92plus\minus.02 g/cm2, 0.95plus\minus.01 g/cm2 vs. 0.98plus\minus.01g/cm2, p lesser than 0.05), but this is not found in women (with adjustment for estrogen status). Controlling for years smoked and years since quitting increases the effect in men, but not in women. Reasons for this gender difference will be pursued further, and may be due to differences in exposure. We also examined the effects of weight and obesity on bone mineral density (BMD) in weightbearing and non-weightbearing bones in Caucasian men and women aged 18-96. At the radius, age alone explains 49% of the variance in BMD in women (n=494), and 19% in men (n=974). Weight explains 5-6% of the variance in both sexes, but does not improve the age model. Height alone explains 20% of variance in women and 10% in men; height and age explain 52% of the variance in radial BMD in women, and 22% in men. At the femoral neck, age alone explains 36% of the variance in BMD in women (n=454), and 15% in men (n=393). Weight alone explains 11% of the variance in both sexes; age and weight explain 42% of variance in women and 22% in men. Height alone explains 3% of variance in femoral neck BMD in women, and 6% in men, but does not improve the age or age and weight models. Obesity, measured by percent body fat (estimated from skinfolds) and waist-hip ratio are not independent predictors of BMD at either site. Age and stature predict BMD at the radius, while age and weight explain most of the variance in BMD at the hip.