Regulatory Impact on Vape Shops and Young Adults' Use of ENDS

项目总结/摘要 电子尼古丁输送系统（ENDS）已经出现在美国市场，使用和意识迅速增加 近年来，尤其是年轻人。虽然ENDS可能有助于减少吸烟者的危害，但ENDS代表了 显著的健康风险，包括尼古丁初治者的成瘾（例如，年轻人）。从社会生态学的角度来看， 有关烟草零售的文献表明，诸如社区人口和政策等场所特征 环境影响零售商的位置和营销，这些因素影响个人烟草使用。然而，这些文献 在ENDS方面处于起步阶段，特别是电子烟商店，这些商店专门用于ENDS销售。 Vape商店在美国激增，在产品供应，营销和整体零售方面都是独一无二的 环境（例如，品尝酒吧）。Vape商店，以及他们销售的第二代和第三代ENDS，具有特殊的吸引力 给年轻人。一个特别重要和及时的宏观层面的因素，可能会影响ENDS的使用和分配 即将出台的关于ENDS和其他烟草产品的FDA认定法规。推定规则 涉及未来3年实施的一系列政策（例如，强制年龄验证和禁止免费样品 从2016年8月开始，强制性健康警告标签于2018年8月生效，制造商必须提交新的 烟草制品应用于2018年8月等）。这些规定可能会影响vape商店的生存以及他们的 营销和整体vape店的经验，鉴于年轻人是vape店客户的最大部分（谁 将需要ID），品尝酒吧的社会经验（将不再允许），以及ENDS的历史， 宣传为安全和停止或减少危害（产品和广告需要健康警告）。一个完整的 需要一个研究计划来检验管制对ENDS零售商以及ENDS的多层次影响 营销，特别是在vape商店之间，因为它们是一个独特的零售环境，对 年轻人使用ENDS。利用社会生态框架，我们将从6个大都市统计区提取数据 代表CDC定义的区域和烟草控制梯度，以实现3个相互关联的目标： 1)检查vape商店的密度和生存随着时间的推移，并在与FDA法规，当地政策， 以及其他社会背景因素（例如，邻里环境，便利店的密度/接近度）; 2）检查vape 商店营销和POS实践（例如，年龄验证、免费抽样、健康警告）， 与FDA法规、当地政策和其他社会背景因素（例如，邻近环境、密度/接近度 3）研究年轻成人ENDS使用随着时间的推移和跨上下文的空间访问 到vape商店和便利店，ENDS广告曝光，当地政策和社会背景因素。这 研究将记录监管对该行业的影响，并为以下方面的立法提供证据基础 分区和vape商店营销/POS做法，以保护高风险人群。我们将通过一个 明确侧重于宣传有关ENDS的公共卫生政策和实践，以及未来的研究。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have emerged in the US market, with use and awareness rapidly increasing in recent years, particularly in young adults. While ENDS may facilitate harm reduction in smokers, ENDS represent significant health risks, including addiction in the nicotine-naïve (e.g., young adults). From a socioecologic perspective, the literature regarding tobacco retail indicates that place characteristics such as neighborhood demography and policy context influence retailer location and marketing, and these factors impact individual tobacco use. However, this literature is in its infancy in regard to ENDS and particularly to vape shops, which are stores exclusively devoted to ENDS sales. Vape shops have proliferated in the US and are unique in their product offerings, marketing, and overall retail environment (e.g., tasting bars). Vape shops, as well as the 2nd and 3rd generation ENDS they sell, have particular appeal to young adults. A particularly important and timely macro-level factor that may impact ENDS use and distribution channels is the impending FDA Deeming Regulation on ENDS and other tobacco products. The Deeming Regulation involves a range of policies implemented in the next 3 years (e.g., mandatory age verification and prohibiting free samples beginning in Aug 2016, mandatory health warning labels effective Aug 2018, manufacturers required to submit a new tobacco product application by Aug 2018, etc.). These regulations are likely to impact vape shop survival as well as their marketing and the overall vape shop experience, given young adults are the biggest segment of vape shop clientele (who will require ID), the social experience of tasting bars (which will no longer be allowed), and the history of ENDS being promoted as safe and for cessation or harm reduction (with products and ads requiring health warnings). A well-integrated program of research is needed to examine the multilevel impact of regulation on ENDS retailers, as well as on ENDS marketing, specifically among vape shops, given that they are a unique retail settings that have a particular impact on young adult ENDS use. Leveraging a Socioecological Framework, we will draw data from 6 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) representing the CDC-defined regions and the gradient of tobacco control in order to address 3 inter-related aims: 1) examine density and survival of vape shops over time and across contexts in relation to FDA regulation, local policies, and other sociocontextual factors (e.g., neighborhood context, density/proximity of convenience stores); 2) examine vape shop marketing and POS practices (e.g., age verification, free sampling, health warnings) over time and across contexts in relation to FDA regulation, local policies, and other sociocontextual factors (e.g., neighborhood context, density/proximity of convenience stores); and 3) examine young adult ENDS use over time and across contexts in relation to spatial access to vape shops and convenience stores, ENDS advertising exposure, local policies, and sociocontextual factors. This research will document the impact of regulation on this industry and provide an evidence base for legislation regarding zoning and vape shop marketing/POS practices to protect high-risk populations. We will disseminate findings with an explicit focus on informing public health policy and practice regarding ENDS, as well as future research.