Neuroimmunology of Disease Training Program

摘要 尽管基础神经科学和翻译神经科学研究取得了进展，但有效的治疗方法 神经退行性、神经炎性、精神性、发育性和神经感染性疾病仍在 想要。美国国立卫生研究院已经认可了从床到床的研究，以改善疾病结果 因此，启动了培训研究人员的计划，这些研究人员能够概念化新的疾病方法，以帮助 治疗神经系统疾病的有效方法。一个关键的“需要”的领域是神经免疫，它仍然 尽管它与一系列神经疾病的病理生物学密切相关，但仍未得到充分研究。这个 在神经科学和免疫学学科中培训不同学生的传统阻碍了这一领域 成长。在取得显著的培训成果后，我们寻求继续培训博士后研究生。 神经免疫学与神经元损伤、分化、再生和保护的联系。该计划 旨在一次培养4名博士前学生，为期一年或两年，并对研究有广泛的接触。 促进最佳方法、技术和结果熟练程度的方法。而且每个学生都有一个宽阔的 跨学科领域知识。这使得人们可以对炎症如何影响疾病进行批判性思考。 发病机制及治疗。为了实现这些目标，提出了几种方法。第一，是提供 学生有机会进行交叉免疫和神经功能的多学科研究。第二, 是否使用我们的教材《神经免疫药理学》专门作为交叉路口的指南 神经科学、免疫学和药理学之间的关系。这一点在我们的神经免疫学课程中讲授。第三, 我们将提供一个独特的概念框架来整合与神经免疫学研究相关的方法。 这包括但不限于系统生物学、细胞信号、神经胶质和神经元生物学、相关啮齿动物 和实验室模型，以及突触网络生理学。第四，我们是否每两个月举办一次与学生的研讨会？ 向该项目的神经科学和免疫学教职员工和一名统计学家进行演示，以获得反馈 定量方法、统计解释和概念化的研究设计、使用和限制 正在进行的研究活动。这些都是高度互动的，深入研究和补充的机制 正式的学生研究报告在该项目的年度务虚会上发表。第五，临床神经病学 从真实世界的角度来了解神经疾病的经验。第六，是“交叉-- 学科实习“，学生将在另一个实验室完成论文部分(S)，使用不同的 研究方法和导师。第七，是持续的社区、大学和后勤支持。通过 协调因神经免疫方面的共同利益而联系在一起的不同研究小组的培训工作， 学员将加深对先天免疫和获得性免疫与神经病学的关系的理解 疾病。这样的学员将更好地为在疾病病理生物学研究中发展成功的职业生涯做好准备 以及人类神经系统疾病的治疗干预。

ABSTRACT Despite advances in basic and translational neuroscience research, effective therapeutics for neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, psychiatric, developmental, and neuroinfectious disorders remain in want. The National Institutes of Health has recognized bench to bedside research to improve disease outcomes and as such initiated programs to train researchers who can conceptualize new disease approaches to aide in effective treatments for neurological disease. One critical “in need” area is neuroimmunity which remains understudied despite its close linkage to the pathobiology of a broad spectrum of neurological disorders. The tradition of training separate groups of students in the disciplines of neuroscience and immunology hinders field growth. Following notable training successes, we seek continuance in training of predoctoral students in studies of neuroimmunology with linkages to neuronal injury, differentiation, regeneration, and protection. The program is designed to train 4 predoctoral students at a time in 1 or 2 year appointments with broad exposures to research methods facilitating best approach, technical, and outcome proficiency. And that each student acquires a broad interdisciplinary field knowledge. This allows for critical thinking in how inflammation affects disease pathogenesis and treatment. Several approaches are proposed to achieve these goals. First, is providing students training opportunities for multidisciplinary studies that intersect immunity and neural function. Second, is the use of our textbook Neuroimmune Pharmacology designed specifically as a guide in the intersections between neuroscience, immunology, and pharmacology. This is taught in our Neuroimmunology course. Third, we will provide a unique conceptual framework to integrate approaches relevant to neuroimmunology research. This contains, but is not limited to, systems biology, cell signaling, glial and neuronal biology, relevant rodent and laboratory models, and synaptic-network physiology. Fourth, are our bi-monthly workshops with student presentations to the program’s neuroscience and immunology faculty and a statistician to acquire feedback in research design, uses and limits of quantitative approaches, statistical interpretations, and conceptualization of ongoing research activities. These are highly interactive, diving into the mechanics of research and complement the formal student research presentations at the program’s annual retreat. Fifth, are clinical neurological experiences to gain the big-picture of a real-world perspective of neurological disease. Sixth, are “cross- disciplinary internships” where students will complete thesis component(s) in another laboratory using a different research approach and mentor. Seventh, are sustained community, university, and logistical support. By coordinating the training efforts of divergent research groups linked by common interests in neuroimmunity, trainees will develop deeper understandings of innate and adaptive immunity in relationship to neurologic disease. Such trainees will be better prepared to develop successful careers in studies of disease pathobiology and therapeutic interventions for human nervous system disorders.