Event Specific Prevention

描述（由申请人提供）：大学生酗酒仍然是整个美国的流行病问题。利用个性化反馈的简短动机干预一直表明，随着时间的推移，学生消费的平均饮料数量减少。然而，目前还没有经验支持的干预措施，专门针对与极端风险相关的事件（例如，21岁生日和春假）。具体事件预防模式的出现将是对预防领域的一个新的重要贡献。拟议的研究旨在评估ESP干预措施，这些干预措施是从现有的经验支持的干预措施中修改而来的，这些干预措施针对全球范围内的饮酒。本研究将分三个阶段进行。在第1阶段（第1年），将获得与21岁生日庆祝活动和春假相关的校园特定消费流行率和后果，并将其纳入第2和第3阶段评估的干预措施中。第二阶段（1-3年）将实施一项针对21岁生日饮酒的疗效试验。在21岁生日前两周进行基线评估后，学生将被随机分配接受特定事件的基于网络的个性化反馈，亲自事件特定的简短动机反馈干预，亲自非特定的简短动机反馈干预或仅评估对照组。事件特定反馈组的学生也将被随机分配到朋友干预或没有朋友干预的条件下。在朋友干预条件的学生将提名两个朋友，以帮助他们有一个安全和愉快的生日。朋友们将收到一个简短的基于网络的干预，提供工具，以帮助他们协助庆祝活动期间减少负面酒精相关后果的风险。干预后即刻和21岁生日后的评估将确定干预有效性，3、6、9个月和1年的评估将确定普遍性和长期干预效果。第三阶段（2-5年级）将采用与第二阶段平行的设计，但将特别关注春假饮酒。总之，本研究将评估ESP干预两个事件的经验支持的干预措施，目前不可用。本研究有可能为大学生问题饮酒的预防提供一种新的模式。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Heavy drinking among college students continues to be an epidemic problem throughout the United States. Brief motivational interventions utilizing personalized feedback have consistently demonstrated reductions in the average number of drinks students consume over time. However, no empirically supported interventions are currently available which specifically target events associated with extreme risk (e.g., 21st birthdays and Spring Break). The availability of an Event-Specific Prevention (ESP) paradigm would represent a novel and important contribution to the prevention field. The proposed research is designed to evaluate ESP interventions modified from existing empirically supported interventions which target drinking more globally. This research will be conducted in 3 stages. In stage 1 (year 1), campus specific prevalence rates of consumption and consequences associated with 21st birthday celebrations and Spring Break will be obtained and incorporated into interventions to be evaluated in stages 2 and 3. Stage 2 (years 1-3) will implement an efficacy trial focused on 21st birthday drinking. Following a baseline assessment two weeks prior to their 21st birthday, students will be randomly assigned to receive event specific web-based personalized feedback, an in-person event specific brief motivational feedback intervention, an in-person non-specific brief motivational feedback intervention or an assessment only control group. Students in the event-specific feedback groups will also be randomly assigned to a friend intervention or no friend intervention condition. Students in the friend intervention conditions will nominate two friends to help them have a safe and enjoyable birthday. Friends will receive a brief web-based intervention providing tools to help them assist the celebrant in reducing the risk of negative alcohol related consequences during the event. Assessments immediately post-intervention and after the 21st birthday will establish intervention efficacy, and assessments at 3, 6, and 9 months and 1 year will establish generalizability and long term intervention effects. Stage 3 (years 2-5) will utilize a design parallel to stage 2 but will focus specifically on Spring Break drinking. In sum, this research will evaluate ESP interventions for two events for which empirically supported interventions are currently unavailable. This research has the potential to establish a new prevention paradigm for problem drinking among college students.