A comparative study on Group Homes of the disabled

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The ideal of Normalization or Inclusion promotes the life of the disabled toward the life that the disabled could decide his/her life as they like it. In the former half 20th century, the disable was sent to the segregated residential institution in which they were forced to live in groups. However, later half of the century, deinstitutionalization was promoted in many western countries and some countries like Sweden started abolish the residential institutions forever.On the other hand, Japan has been continuing to increase the number of people with disability to put in residential institution. Although the subsidy system of group homes in community started in 1978 by local subsidy and in 1989 by the national subsidy, the people use these homes are only the one tenth of the user of residential institutions.This year, the chief researcher Dr. Watanabe and Mr. Shimada visited the USA for the research and the presentation at Annual Congress of the Internation Association of Sceientific Study of Intellectual Dsiability. Mr. Ohshima visited Thailand and Bangladesh, and Ms. Mita visited the USA for the research. We had a research conference of the co-researcher with Dr. KentErricson at Uppsala University of Sweden, and Dr. Eric Emerson at Lankaster University of England. In Sweden, only 200 persons live at the residential institution and in England 5,000 residents at the institutions are also moved to community in a few years.