A comparative study on Group Homes of the disabled

“正常化”或“包容”的理念将残疾人的生活推向残疾人可以按照自己的意愿决定自己的生活的方向。在世纪前半叶，残疾人被送到隔离的寄宿机构，被迫在其中生活。然而，世纪后半期，西方国家纷纷推行去机构化，瑞典等国开始永久废除寄宿机构，而日本则不断增加残疾人的寄宿人数。虽然1978年开始的社区集体之家补贴制度是由地方补贴，1989年由国家补贴，但使用集体之家的人只占居住机构使用者的十分之一，今年，首席研究员渡边博士和岛田先生访问美国进行研究，并在国际知识分子科学研究协会年会上发表演讲。可拆卸性。大岛先生访问了泰国和孟加拉国，三田女士访问了美国进行研究。我们与瑞典乌普萨拉大学的Erricson博士和英国兰卡斯特大学的Eric Emerson博士举行了一次研究会议。在瑞典，只有200人住在寄宿机构，在英格兰，5 000名寄宿机构的居民也在几年内搬到社区。

The ideal of Normalization or Inclusion promotes the life of the disabled toward the life that the disabled could decide his/her life as they like it. In the former half 20th century, the disable was sent to the segregated residential institution in which they were forced to live in groups. However, later half of the century, deinstitutionalization was promoted in many western countries and some countries like Sweden started abolish the residential institutions forever.On the other hand, Japan has been continuing to increase the number of people with disability to put in residential institution. Although the subsidy system of group homes in community started in 1978 by local subsidy and in 1989 by the national subsidy, the people use these homes are only the one tenth of the user of residential institutions.This year, the chief researcher Dr. Watanabe and Mr. Shimada visited the USA for the research and the presentation at Annual Congress of the Internation Association of Sceientific Study of Intellectual Dsiability. Mr. Ohshima visited Thailand and Bangladesh, and Ms. Mita visited the USA for the research. We had a research conference of the co-researcher with Dr. KentErricson at Uppsala University of Sweden, and Dr. Eric Emerson at Lankaster University of England. In Sweden, only 200 persons live at the residential institution and in England 5,000 residents at the institutions are also moved to community in a few years.