A Study on the role of chief counselors of education that work for the student guidance in France and the partnership with other teaching staffs.

1.现在，在法国，不仅学生暴力，逃学和缺课也是非常严重的问题。为了预防和解决学生在学校生活中的这些困难，每个中学（大学和中学）都有一到两名特殊的学校工作人员，即教育总顾问（consiller principal de l'education， CPE），负责指导和帮助学生。20世纪90年代以后，CPE的前身为总督学，在学生的专业咨询和公民教育方面发挥了重要作用。CPE是由专门的研究生院校培养出来的教师（教授），必须具备高水平的学生指导技巧和丰富的青少年心理知识。CPE是一个很受欢迎的职业，其工资和社会地位也很高。教育当局期望CPE担负起与全校教职工沟通的任务。和许多欧洲国家一样，在法国的学校制度中，教授的工作都是在课堂上进行教学，因此他们长期不负责学校的学生指导工作。然而，如果学校里出现了许多严重的问题和困难，就必须有人来解决它们。因此，CPE专业的产生填补了学校分工制度的空白。实际上，这种法国式的体系并不一定成功，尤其是通过团队合作来处理严格的问题。因为很多学校教职员都有很强的角色意识。我们发现，教授兼教兼导的日本体制比法国体制更有效。

1.Now, not only student violence but also truancy and absence are very serious problems in France. To prevent and solve these difficulties of students in school life, one or two special school staff, namely Chief Counselors f Education (Conseiller principal de l'education, CPE) that works for student guidance and helping, are stationed in each secondary schools (college and lycee). After the 1990's CPE, formerly named surveillant generale, plays an important role in specialized counseling to students and education for their citizenship.2.CPE, trained in special school of graduate level as well as teachers (professors), has to acquire the high level techniques for student guidance and the rich knowledge of adolescence psychology. CPE is a certain popular occupation and its salary and social status is also high. The education authorities expect that CPE performs the task of connection with all school staffs.3.Similarly to many other European countries, in French school system, professors devote themselves to teaching in the classroom, so they are not responsible for student guidance in school for a long time. However, if many serious problems and difficulties occur in school, somebody must to solve them. Therefore, the profession of CPE has been created to fill up a gap caused the system of division of school labor.4.Actually, this French system isn't necessarily successful, especially in coping with strict problems by the teamwork. Because many school staffs have strongly their own role consciousness. We found Japanese system that professors play both teaching and counseling, is more effective than French system.