Pathogenesis on reactivation of viral infections in immunocompromised hosts and its prophylaxis and therapy.

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Recent advances in transplantation medicine result in an increase of immunocompromised hosts. The importance of herpes viruses, which reactivate in immunodeficiency, is increasing.To clarify the mechanism on reactivation of these viruses and to establish prophylaxis and treatment, we established quantifying viral load and viral specific cellular immunity against herpesviruses. Using these systems, we found the following findings.1. Quantitation of Epstein-Barr viral load using real-time PCR was useful for the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Furthermore, quantifying viral specific T lymphocytes was useful for determing the treatment.2. Viral type was related with the prognosis and relapse of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections.3. Transmission of cytomegalovirus via breast milk was important among premature infants, but symptomatic infections were rare in the population.