Immunological Mechanisms of Vaccination

描述（如申请人所提供）：请求对由Adrian VS. Hill、Dan H.约翰·巴鲁什作者声明：Harty and Tania H.瓦会议将于2012年12月13日至18日在加拿大安大略的渥太华举行。在发达国家和发展中国家，疫苗在降低传染病发病率和死亡率方面都取得了显著成功。然而，在全球范围内，每年因传染病死亡的人数仍超过1000万，这反映出需要新的、更有效的和更可部署的疫苗接种方法。由于许多相对容易的疫苗已经被制造出来，疫苗学现在正在处理更困难的疾病，通常是由复杂和遗传变异的病原体引起的。因此，需要更好地了解现有和新型疫苗的免疫学机制。幸运的是，发现新的分子和细胞技术的研究工作为改进疫苗设计提供了极好的机会。更好地了解疫苗接种的免疫学将有助于循证设计针对艾滋病毒、疟疾和结核病等全球主要死亡原因以及猪流感和登革热等新感染的新疫苗。免疫学、基因组学和系统生物学的进展开始提供对宿主免疫的分子和细胞机制的更深入理解，以及先天免疫系统在形成适应性免疫应答中所起的关键作用。这为确定疫苗免疫原性和保护效力的新特征提供了新的机会，这将促进疫苗开发并指导改进的疫苗设计。关于疫苗接种免疫机制的Keystone研讨会将汇集疫苗学，免疫学和病原体生物学的跨学科科学家小组，以解决这些领域的最新进展及其加速疫苗设计和开发的潜力。本次会议的计划大大受益于与比尔和梅林达盖茨基金会（BMGF）的合作伙伴关系，其中Keystone研讨会会议将与BMGF全球健康大挑战获奖者的年度商业会议并列举行。许多大挑战获奖者将在疫苗接种会议的免疫机制发言，我们预计，许多其他人也将出席。通过受影响发展中国家科学家的广泛参与，会议的质量和影响将大大提高。

Description (as provided by the applicant): Support is requested for a Keystone Symposia meeting entitled Immunological Mechanisms of Vaccination, organized by Adrian VS. Hill, Dan H. Barouche, John T. Harty and Tania H. Watts. The meeting will be held in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada from December 13 - 18, 2012. Vaccines are remarkably successful in reducing morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases in both developed and developing countries. However, globally, mortality from infectious disease still exceeds 10 million deaths annually reflecting a need for new, more effective and more deployable vaccination approaches. As many of the relatively easy vaccines have already been made, vaccinology is now tackling more difficult diseases, often caused by complex and genetically variable pathogens. A better understanding of the immunological mechanisms underpinning existing and novel vaccines is therefore required. Fortunately, research efforts to uncover new molecular and cellular techniques offer exceptional opportunities for improved vaccine design. A better understanding of the immunology of vaccination will be of value in evidence-based design of new vaccines against major global causes of mortality such as HIV, malaria and tuberculosis, and against emerging infections such as swine influenza and dengue. Advances in immunology, genomics, and systems biology are beginning to offer a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of host immunity, and the pivotal role played by the innate immune system in shaping the adaptive immune response. This is providing new opportunities to identify new signatures of vaccine immunogenicity and protective efficacy, which should facilitate vaccine development and guide improved vaccine design. The Keystone Symposia meeting on Immunological Mechanisms of Vaccination will bring together an interdisciplinary group of scientists in vaccinology, immunology and pathogen biology, to address recent advances in these fields and their potential for accelerating vaccine design and development. The program of this meeting benefits considerably from a partnership with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), whereby the Keystone Symposia meeting will be held juxtaposed with the annual business meeting of the BMGF Grand Challenges in Global Health awardees. Many of the Grand Challenges awardees will be speakers at the Immunological Mechanisms of Vaccination meeting and we anticipate that many of the others will attend as well. The quality and impact of the meeting will be significantly enhanced through extensive participation by scientists from developing affected nations.