Immunological Mechanisms of Vaccination

描述（由申请人提供）：要求支持由Adrian VS. Hill、Dan H. Barouche、John T. Harty和Tania H. Watts组织的题为“疫苗接种免疫学机制”的Keystone专题会议。会议将于2012年12月13日至18日在加拿大安大略省渥太华举行。疫苗在降低发达国家和发展中国家传染病的发病率和死亡率方面取得了显著成功。然而，在全球范围内，每年因传染病死亡的人数仍超过1 000万人，这反映出需要采用新的、更有效和更可部署的疫苗接种方法。由于许多相对容易的疫苗已经研制出来，疫苗学现在正在对付更困难的疾病，这些疾病往往是由复杂和遗传可变的病原体引起的。因此，需要更好地了解支持现有疫苗和新型疫苗的免疫学机制。幸运的是，发现新的分子和细胞技术的研究工作为改进疫苗设计提供了难得的机会。更好地了解疫苗接种的免疫学，将有助于以证据为基础设计针对艾滋病毒、疟疾和结核病等全球主要死亡原因以及猪流感和登革热等新发感染的新疫苗。免疫学、基因组学和系统生物学的进步正开始对宿主免疫的分子和细胞机制以及先天免疫系统在形成适应性免疫反应中所起的关键作用提供更深入的了解。这为确定疫苗免疫原性和保护功效的新特征提供了新的机会，这将促进疫苗开发并指导改进的疫苗设计。Keystone疫苗接种免疫学机制专题讨论会将汇集疫苗学、免疫学和病原体生物学的跨学科科学家小组，讨论这些领域的最新进展及其加速疫苗设计和开发的潜力。本次会议的计划在很大程度上得益于与比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会（BMGF）的伙伴关系，通过该伙伴关系，Keystone专题讨论会将与BMGF全球卫生重大挑战获奖者的年度业务会议同时举行。许多大挑战奖得主将在疫苗接种免疫学机制会议上发表演讲，我们预计其他许多人也将出席。来自受影响发展中国家的科学家的广泛参与将大大提高会议的质量和影响。

Description (as provided by the applicant): Support is requested for a Keystone Symposia meeting entitled Immunological Mechanisms of Vaccination, organized by Adrian VS. Hill, Dan H. Barouche, John T. Harty and Tania H. Watts. The meeting will be held in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada from December 13 - 18, 2012. Vaccines are remarkably successful in reducing morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases in both developed and developing countries. However, globally, mortality from infectious disease still exceeds 10 million deaths annually reflecting a need for new, more effective and more deployable vaccination approaches. As many of the relatively easy vaccines have already been made, vaccinology is now tackling more difficult diseases, often caused by complex and genetically variable pathogens. A better understanding of the immunological mechanisms underpinning existing and novel vaccines is therefore required. Fortunately, research efforts to uncover new molecular and cellular techniques offer exceptional opportunities for improved vaccine design. A better understanding of the immunology of vaccination will be of value in evidence-based design of new vaccines against major global causes of mortality such as HIV, malaria and tuberculosis, and against emerging infections such as swine influenza and dengue. Advances in immunology, genomics, and systems biology are beginning to offer a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of host immunity, and the pivotal role played by the innate immune system in shaping the adaptive immune response. This is providing new opportunities to identify new signatures of vaccine immunogenicity and protective efficacy, which should facilitate vaccine development and guide improved vaccine design. The Keystone Symposia meeting on Immunological Mechanisms of Vaccination will bring together an interdisciplinary group of scientists in vaccinology, immunology and pathogen biology, to address recent advances in these fields and their potential for accelerating vaccine design and development. The program of this meeting benefits considerably from a partnership with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), whereby the Keystone Symposia meeting will be held juxtaposed with the annual business meeting of the BMGF Grand Challenges in Global Health awardees. Many of the Grand Challenges awardees will be speakers at the Immunological Mechanisms of Vaccination meeting and we anticipate that many of the others will attend as well. The quality and impact of the meeting will be significantly enhanced through extensive participation by scientists from developing affected nations.