Portfolio Development in Japanese Higher Education

档案袋是一组作品，根据特定的标准从代表性的精选中汇编而成。一个档案袋为专业人士以及学习者的成长和成就提供了有形的证据。在众多的绩效评估方法中，档案袋是当今北美学校环境中应用最广泛的方法之一。档案袋服务于美国高等教育的许多不同目的和层次，包括个人网页的机构宣传材料、教师终身教职审查文件和职业规划文件。本研究旨在通过广泛的文献综述和对美国几所大学的实地考察，更深入地了解档案袋在高等教育中的应用潜力。这也是开发用于日本大学的投资组合原型的一次尝试。本报告的第1章到第5章介绍了(1)编写文件夹，(2)课程portf…的例子更多的橄榄球和(3)美国各学院和大学的学习档案。在第六章中，提供了日本一所大型研究型大学新生研讨会的两个部分中使用的档案袋的详细情况。第七章介绍了一本名为《晋升和终身教职的档案袋开发》手册的日文译本(学术卓越中心，1997)。此外，还提出了两个用于教师评价的档案袋原型。档案袋评估最有价值的方面是它将评估与教学联系起来。随着更好地了解日本大学生学习的压力和要求日本高等教育问责的外部压力的增加，有人认为档案袋将成为促使日本大学生积极学习和培养他们反思性思维的有力工具。为了使文件夹更有用处，有必要对学习者的工作进行深思熟虑的样本，并解释选择过程和商定的适当评分指南。较少

A portfolio is a collection of work, compile from representative selections based upon specific criteria. A portfolio provides tangible evidence of professionals' as well as learners' growth and achievement. Among many methods of performance assessment, portfolio has been one of the most widely used in school settings in the North America today. Portfolios serve many divers purposes and levels in American higher education, including institutional promotional materials to personal Web pages, faculty tenure review dossies and career planning document. It is used in all disciplines in universities in the US.This research intended to gain a deeper understanding of the potentials of portfolio use in higher education by extensive literature reviews and site visits to several universities in the US. It was also an attempt to develop prototypes of portfolios to be used in Japanese universities. The Chapters 1 through 5 of this report introduce examples of (1)writing portfolios, (2)course portf … More olios and (3)learning portfolios in various colleges and universities in the US. In Chapter 6, the details of portfolios used in two sections of the freshmen seminars in a large research university in Japan were provided. The Japanese translation of a manual title as "Portfolio development for promotion and tenure"(Center for Academic Excellence, 1997) is presented in Chapter 7. In addition, two prototypes of portfolios for faculty evaluation were proposed.The most valuable aspects of portfolio assessment is that it links assessment with instruction. With increased pressure for better understanding of Japanese college students' learning and external pressure for accountability of Japanese higher education, it was suggested that portfolios would become a powerful tool for making Japanese college students to engage active learning and fostering their reflective thinking. To make the portfolio more useful, a thoughtful sample of the learner's work with an explanation of the selection process and agreed-upon appropriate scoring guides are necessary. Less