Redox efficiency: Exploring the role of hydride shifts in organic chemistry

化学和制造分子的能力是许多不同科学努力的核心课题。有机化学特别关注碳的所有不同形式的反应性，可以被视为对生物内部发生的化学的研究。有机化学家一直在寻找新的方法来设计和构建具有有趣和令人兴奋的性质的新分子(合成化学本质上是分子结构)。新型有机分子位于制药工业的中心，它们可以被设计成具有有用的生物活性，并最终用作药物。我们拟议的研究的关键方面是通过分子内氢原子的重排(这里称为氢化物移动)来获得碳环分子的新途径。这种特殊的反应允许我们以极高的效率控制复杂分子的官能团的放置，从而可以非常精确地制造碳环化合物，如环己烯和苯类；在这种情况下，反应使用关键的促进剂来使反应以没有它们是不可能的方式进行。这种新方法产生的复杂分子和环状分子在学术界和商业界的许多不同的有价值的化合物中都有发现，这种新方法的应用将导致有机分子的新科学和新应用。此外，强大而高效的新化学反应的发展对所涉及的化学过程的环境影响(即提高效率和减少废物的新反应)具有有利的后果。本文提出的新化学将导致一种新的、高效的和强大的方法来制造环状化合物来控制所形成的产物的结构的各个方面：这将对学术界和工业界都有很大的好处，他们将能够以新的方式制造有趣和有用的分子。我们已经聘请了制药行业的项目合作伙伴，以便该项目将迅速发展到对该行业有直接兴趣和价值的领域。这一提议的真正优势是尖端科学的发展及其应用，以解决与世界各地的化学科学家相关的问题。

Chemistry, and the ability to make molecules, is a central subject that is at the heart of many different scientific endeavours. Organic chemistry is especially concerned with the reactivity of carbon in all of its different forms and can be viewed as a study of the chemistry taking place within living things. Organic chemists are constantly looking for new ways of designing and building new molecules (synthetic chemistry is essentially molecular architecture) with interesting and exciting properties. Novel organic molecules lie at the centre of the pharmaceutical industry and they can be designed to have useful biological activity and eventually for use as medicines.The key aspect of our proposed research is a new route to carbocyclic molecules by using a rearrangement of hydrogen atoms within a molecule (known here as a hydride shift). This particular reaction allows us to control the placement of functionality with a complex molecule with great efficiency such that carbocyclic compounds, such as cyclohexenes and benzenes, can be made with great precision; and in this case the reaction uses key promoters to make reactions run in ways that are not possible without them. The complex and cyclic molecules generated by this new approach are found in many different compounds of value in both the academic and commercial world, and application of this new method will lead to both new science and new applications of organic molecules. Moreover, the development of powerful and efficient new chemical reactions has beneficial consequences for the environmental impact of the chemical processes involved (ie new reactivity with increased efficiency and reduced waste).The novel chemistry proposed herein will lead to a new, efficient and powerful way of making cyclic compounds to control all aspects of the structures of the products formed: this will be of great benefit to both academia and industry who will be able to make interesting and useful molecules in new ways. We have engaged a project partner from the pharmaceutical industry so that the project will develop rapidly into areas that are of direct interest and value to industry.The real advantage of this proposal is the development of cutting edge science and its application to solve problems that are relevant to chemical scientists around the world.