PHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT

这个项目的目标是学习更多关于运动控制的知识 在正常人和自主性运动障碍患者中 如帕金森氏病、小脑性共济失调、中风偏瘫、 还有肌张力障碍。我们一直在使用脑电方法来探索时间 与自主运动有关的皮质激活。另外， 视觉运动积分中脑电信号的频谱功率和相干分析 任务表明，在功能上有意义的、网络式的耦合 远端大脑区域(运动和视皮层)在视觉运动时发生。 力跟踪，但不在同时进行，但在功能上无关 运动输出和视觉输入。关于小脑性共济失调，我们 对平面直臂运动的运动学进行了评价 有几个方向。研究结果揭示了异常的一致性 力量控制。这一结果也被纳入了一个模型 小脑功能。通过脑电和正电子发射计算机断层扫描，我们确定了正常 初级感觉皮质的人的组织在 局灶性肌张力障碍患者支持感官概念 肌张力异常在肌张力障碍中起致病作用。我们已经评估了 内隐和外显学习中脑电和正电子发射计算机断层扫描的脑电活动 连续反应时间任务(SRTT)。采用SRTT量表进行评估 小脑功能障碍患者的运动学习。运动学习 对经典条件反射患者的瞬目反射进行研究 患有帕金森氏症和进行性核上性麻痹。病人 帕金森病正常提示基底节不起作用 在这种类型的学习中扮演主要角色。PSP患者是异常的， 可能是由于小脑功能障碍，但这种异常会分开 这些患者来自帕金森氏症患者。我们已经研究了皮肤 上肢的退缩(屈肌)反射和皮肌反射 正常受试者的四肢和必要的刺激特征 以唤起撤退反射，肌肉激活的模式， 对侧皮肤反射的习惯化及其影响 刺激物。我们得出的结论是，这一微弱信号的潜在电路 反射与腿部所描述的相似。PET和EEG分别为 用于评估大脑如何处理体感刺激和声音 盲人受试者的刺激。对于这两种模式，我们在 视觉区域显示出跨模式的可塑性。宠物和脑电波检查 用于评估中风患者运动过程中的脑活动。 丁螺环酮治疗小脑性共济失调的双盲试验 已经根据我们之前的公开试验结果进行了调查。

The goal of this project is to learn more about the control of movement in normal humans and in patients with voluntary movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebellar ataxia, hemiplegia from stroke, and dystonia. We have been using EEG methods to explore timing of cortical activation in relation to voluntary movement. Additionally, spectral power and coherence analyses of EEG in a visuomotor integration task indicated that functionally meaningful, network-like coupling of distant brain areas (motor and visual cortex) occurs during visuomotor force tracking, but not during simultaneous but functionally unrelated motor output and visual input. In relation to cerebellar ataxia, we have evaluated the kinematics of straight planar arm movements in several directions. Findings reveal consistencies in abnormalities of force control. The results are also being incorporated into a model of cerebellar function. Using EEG and PET, we determined that the normal homuncular organization of the primary sensory cortex is degraded in patients with focal dystonia supporting the concept that sensory abnormalities play a pathogenetic role in dystonia. We have evaluated brain activity with EEG and PET during implicit and explicit learning of the serial reaction time task (SRTT). The SRTT was used to evaluate motor learning in patients with cerebellar dysfunction. Motor learning with classical conditioning of the blink reflex was studied in patients with Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Patients with PD were normal suggesting that the basal ganglia do not play a major role in this type of learning. Patients with PSP were abnormal, likely due to cerebellar malfunction, but this abnormality will separate these patients from those with PD. We have studied the cutaneous withdrawal ("flexor") reflex and cutaneomuscular reflex in the upper extremity in normal subjects and characterized the stimulus necessary to evoke withdrawal reflexes, the pattern of muscle activation, habituation of the reflex and effects of contralateral cutaneous stimuli. We concluded that the underlying circuitry for this weak reflex bears similarity to that described in the leg. PET and EEG were used to evaluate how the brain processes somatosensory stimuli and sound stimuli in blind subjects. For both modalities, we found activation in visual areas indicating cross-modal plasticity. PET and EEG are being used to evaluate brain activity during movement in patients with stroke. A double-blind trial of buspirone for treatment of cerebellar ataxia has been carried out following up our previous open trial findings.