Roll Your Own (RYO) Cigarettes: Prevalence, Smoking Behavior and Toxin Exposure

描述(由申请人提供)：在英国、新西兰、澳大利亚、加拿大和欧洲，卷烟(Ryo)的使用大幅增加，这些国家的工厂制造(FM)卷烟的价格通过税收和限制性营销而上涨。在英国，27%的吸烟者使用Ryo香烟；美国的吸烟率约为6.7%。大多数Ryo吸烟者选择这些香烟是因为它们比FM香烟便宜，然而，其他人使用Ryo香烟是因为它们被认为危害较小，提供了更多的灵活性和对内容的控制，而且它们具有文化吸引力。尽管在其他国家广泛使用，并有可能增加国内使用，但人们对Ryo香烟的吸烟者、他们使用的Ryo香烟的一致性、他们是如何吸烟的、使用它们所产生的毒素暴露以及人们从FM香烟转向Ryo香烟时会发生什么知之甚少。这些问题在拟议的研究申请中得到了解决。Ryo用户将被归类为混合Ryo/FM、独家Ryo或独家FM吸烟者。当在实验室中被观察时，Ryo吸烟者将用他们通常使用的烟草和卷曲设备准备20支香烟。这些卷烟将被分析烟草含量、重量和整体产品的一致性。在另一项研究中，将在慢性烟草暴露的基线测量(即NNAL和1-HOP，血浆可替宁)方面将独家Ryo吸烟者与独家FM吸烟者进行比较。将评估一氧化碳(CO)和尼古丁的急性暴露，以及吹气地形和吸入模式的测量。受试者将在三种情况下在实验室吸烟：正常吸烟；经证实戒烟至少12小时；以及在实验前一小时内密集吸烟。Ryo/FM混合吸烟者将接受测试，因为他们在相同的条件下消费他们通常使用的FM品牌和Ryo香烟。众所周知，这些实验室操作会在FM香烟中引起“补偿”(吸烟行为的改变)，但这些条件还没有在Ryo香烟的使用中进行测试。为了确定改用Ryo香烟的暴露后果的变化，将使用一项交叉研究，其中专有FM吸烟者(在基线评估后)将连续15天吸Ryo香烟。总体而言，这些研究将提供对Ryo吸烟者使用特征的当前评估，并提供有关Ryo使用的健康和风险后果的重要信息。这个信息对于目前的Ryo吸烟者和正在考虑使用Ryo的FM吸烟者来说很重要。这些数据还将为有关Ryo香烟的广告限制、营销和税收以及Ryo对FM香烟的相对危害性的政策提供信息。与公共健康相关：这项拟议的研究将是第一次对卷烟(Ryo)进行系统的人体实验室评估。这项研究将回答有关Ryo香烟及其消费者的性质、Ryo香烟在吸烟行为和毒素暴露方面与传统香烟相比如何以及从传统香烟转向Ryo香烟的后果等基本问题。这一结果将让梁吸烟者和政策制定者了解吸烟这一日益增长的趋势的相对风险。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The use of Roll Your Own (RYO) cigarettes has increased dramatically in the UK, New Zealand, Australia, Canada and Europe where prices of factory made (FM) cigarette have increased through taxation and restrictive marketing. In the UK 27% of smoker use RYO cigarettes; the US prevalence is about 6.7%. Most RYO smokers choose these cigarettes because they are cheaper than FM cigarettes, however, others use RYO because they are perceived to be less harmful, offer more flexibility and control of content, and they have cultural appeal. In spite of widespread use in other countries and the possibility of increased domestic use, very little is known about smokers of RYO cigarettes, the consistency of the RYO cigarettes they use, how they are smoked, the toxin exposure from their use and what happens when people switch from FM cigarette use to RYO use. These questions are addressed in the proposed research application. RYO users will be classified as mixed RYO/FM, exclusive RYO or exclusive FM smokers. While being observed in the laboratory, RYO smokers will prepare 20 cigarettes with the tobacco and rolling equipment they ordinarily use. These cigarettes will be analyzed for tobacco content, weight and overall product consistency. In another study, exclusive RYO smokers will be compared to exclusive FM smokers on baseline measures of chronic tobacco exposure (i.e., NNAL and 1- HOP, plasma cotinine). Acute exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) and nicotine will be assessed, as will measures of puffing topography and inhalation patterns. Subjects will smoke in the laboratory under three conditions: normal cigarette consumption; after verified tobacco abstinence of at least 12 hr; and after intensive smoking in the hour before the experimental session. Mixed RYO/FM smokers will be tested as they consume their usual FM brand and RYO cigarettes under the same conditions. These laboratory manipulations are known to cause "compensation" (changes in smoking behavior) in FM cigarettes but these conditions have not yet been tested with RYO cigarette use. To determine changes in exposure consequences of switching to RYO use, a cross over study will be used where exclusive FM smokers (after baseline assessments) will smoke RYO cigarettes for 15 days. Overall, these studies will provide a current assessment of the use characteristics of RYO smokers and provide important information about health and risk consequences of RYO use. This information is important for current RYO smokers and FM smokers who are contemplating RYO use. The data will also inform policy relevant to advertising restrictions, marketing and taxation of RYO cigarettes and the relative harmfulness of RYO to FM cigarettes. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research will be the first systematic human laboratory evaluation of Roll Your Own (RYO) cigarettes. The research will answer fundamental questions about the nature of RYO cigarettes and their consumers, how RYO cigarettes compare to conventional cigarettes in terms of smoking behavior and toxin exposure, and what the consequences are of switching from conventional to RYO cigarettes. The results will inform RYO smokers and policy makers about the relative risk of this growing trend in cigarette smoking.