Mainstream Smoke Composition and Toxin Exposure from Prototypical Cigar Products

说明(申请人提供)：虽然国内吸烟人数正在减少，但小雪茄的吸烟量增加了三倍，而且由于雪茄不受《家庭吸烟预防和烟草控制法案》的限制，预计还会进一步增加。任何烟草消费的社会和个人健康后果都与产品的特性和产品的使用方式密切相关。尽管有证据表明，雪茄烟雾可以传递尼古丁(成瘾成分)和60多种致癌物质，但目前还没有系统的研究同时考虑毒素传递和各种雪茄产品的吸烟行为。目前的建议通过将香烟与三种典型的雪茄产品(即雪茄、小雪茄和传统雪茄)进行比较来解决这一缺陷，方法是在临床研究中检查吸烟的行为方面，以及主流烟雾的化学和颗粒分布。在临床研究中，同时抽香烟和雪茄的参与者将被分配到三个试验组(雪茄、小雪茄和普通雪茄)中的一个，根据他们通常使用的雪茄产品--25名参与者/组。当他们吸雪茄(一次)和自己品牌的香烟(另一次)时，将同时收集喷雾地形和吸入措施。流行的观点认为，雪茄烟只是喷出来的，而不是吸入的，这一观点可能不适用于雪茄和小雪茄，可能取决于参与者的吸烟史。急性(尼古丁和一氧化碳增加)和慢性暴露(可替宁和3-OH-可替宁NNAL，1-HOP)的化学测量将从参与者那里获得。在化学实验室研究中，将记录雪茄和香烟的抽吸轮廓，并将其用于驱动PCP和香烟的机器吸烟。机器吸烟产生的主流烟雾将以颗粒大小(细微和超细)、分布和气相有毒/致癌成分为特征。将对五氯酚的主流烟雾进行相同的分析，并将使用两种机器吸烟方案产生五种选定的香烟(全味、轻质、超轻、未过滤和薄荷醇)：一种是专门为雪茄设计的，另一种是历史上用于香烟的。我们将比较香烟和五氯苯酚之间的尼古丁和各种致癌物质的释放，比较三种五氯苯酚之间的传递，并比较五氯酚和香烟之间的尼古丁和毒素暴露、吸烟和吸入。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although domestic cigarette smoking is decreasing, there has been a threefold increase in small cigar smoking, and further increases are expected because cigars are not subject to the restrictions of the Family Smoking Prevention & Tobacco Control Act. The societal and personal health consequences of any tobacco consumption are intimately related to the characteristics of the product and how the product is used. Despite evidence suggesting that cigar smoke delivers nicotine (the addictive component) and more than 60 carcinogens, there are no systematic studies that consider both toxin delivery and the smoking behavior of various cigar products. The present proposal answers this deficiency by comparing cigarettes to three prototypical cigar products (PCP) (i.e., cigarillo, small cigar and conventional cigar) by examining behavioral aspects of smoking in a clinical study and the chemistry and particle distribution of mainstream smoke. In the clinical study, participants who smoke both cigarettes and cigars will be assigned to one of three experimental groups (cigarillo, small cigar, conventional cigar), based on their usual cigar product-25 participants/group. Puff topography and inhalation measures will be collected simultaneously while they smoke the cigar (at one visit) and their own brand cigarette (other visit). The prevailing view that cigar smoke is puffed only-not inhaled-may not be true for cigarillos and small cigars and may depend on the participant's smoking history. Chemical measures of acute (nicotine and CO boost) and chronic exposure (cotinine and 3-OH-cotinine NNAL, 1-HOP) will be obtained from the participants. The puffing profiles from the cigar and cigarette smoking will be recorded and used to drive the machine smoking of the PCPs and cigarettes in the chemical laboratory study. The mainstream smoke generated by machine smoking will be characterized by particle size (fine and ultrafine), distribution and gas-phase toxic/carcinogenic components. Identical analyses will be used on mainstream smoke from PCPs and five selected cigarettes (full flavor, light, ultra light, unfiltered and menthol) will be generated using two machine smoking protocols: one designed especially for cigars, and the other historically used for cigarettes. We will compare the delivery of nicotine and various carcinogens between cigarettes and PCPs, compare delivery between the three PCPs and compare nicotine and toxin exposure, puffing, and inhalation between the PCPs and cigarettes.