Tuberculosis: Immunology, Cell Biology and Novel Vaccination Strategies

描述（由申请人提供）： 该提案要求支持由Stefan H.E.组织的题为“结核病：免疫学、细胞生物学和新型疫苗接种战略”的Keystone研讨会会议。Kaufmann，Gerhard Walzl和Lalita Ramakrishnan，将于2011年1月15日至20日在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的温哥华举行。结核病的全球流行源于三个主要问题：1）艾滋病毒/艾滋病（结核病是艾滋病毒感染者的头号死因）; 2）需要长期的多种药物治疗，这反过来又导致不依从和传染性感染复发;和3）唯一可用的疫苗BCG提供部分保护，防止幼儿中的播散性结核病，但不能防止主要来源的成人肺结核病。结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）的传播。此外，暴露于结核分枝杆菌的结果有很大的不同，即使在看似免疫功能正常的个体;先天免疫和适应性免疫的差异似乎调节结果。这次会议将主要集中在免疫反应的病理基础和预防结核病。这将为更好地理解宿主防御的基本机制铺平道路，并为新的干预策略提供基础。值得注意的是，它将提供与设计新型疫苗和对抗免疫重建炎症综合征（IRIS）的策略相关的信息，IRIS越来越多地发生在接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病毒/结核病感染者中。这次会议将与关于分枝杆菌的基石研讨会会议平行举行：生理学，代谢和发病机制-回到基础，强调病原体。这些会议将分享一个主旨演讲和四个全体会议，包括一个关于“系统生物学”的联合会议，这是一个刚刚开始应用于结核病研究的创新和强大的方法。因此，这两次Keystone研讨会会议对结核病有着共同的兴趣，但同时强调了这一复杂疾病的不同方面。因此，我们相信，这些会议将吸引来自结核病研究不同领域的所有科学家和临床医生，因此也将促进各种各样的研究人员聚集在一起：对病原体分子生物学感兴趣的湿实验室研究人员;专注于宿主反应的免疫学家和细胞生物学家;以及开发新的干预措施，包括诊断，疫苗和药物的临床医生。 项目叙述： 结核病（TB）是全球主要的健康威胁，每年新发病例高达1000万，死亡人数高达200万。全世界估计有20多亿人受到感染或已经受到感染。结核病：免疫学，细胞生物学和新型疫苗接种策略的基石研讨会会议将重点关注对结核病的免疫反应以及这些反应如何影响疾病的进程。由于结核病是一种贫困疾病，因此还将特别关注与可实施的公共卫生措施直接相关的转化问题。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal requests support for a Keystone Symposia meeting entitled Tuberculosis: Immunology, Cell Biology and Novel Vaccination Strategies, organized by Stefan H.E. Kaufmann, Gerhard Walzl and Lalita Ramakrishnan, which will be held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada from January 15 - 20, 2011. The global epidemic of Tuberculosis (TB) stems from three main problems: 1) HIV/AIDS (TB is the number one cause of death for HIV-infected individuals); 2) the requirement for long-term multidrug therapy that in turn leads to noncompliance and relapse of transmissible infection; and 3) the only available vaccine BCG affords partial protection against disseminated TB in young children but not against adult pulmonary TB which is the main source of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) transmission. Moreover, the outcomes of exposure to Mtb differ vastly even in seemingly immunocompetent individuals; differences in both innate and adaptive immunity appear to modulate outcomes. This meeting will primarily focus on immune responses underlying pathology of and protection against TB. This will pave the way towards a better understanding of basic mechanisms of host defense and also provide the basis for novel intervention strategies. Notably, it will provide information relevant for the design of novel vaccines and strategies to counteract Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS), which increasingly occurs in HIV/Mtb-infected individuals under antiretroviral therapy. This meeting will take place in parallel with the Keystone Symposia meeting on Mycobacteria: Physiology, Metabolism and Pathogenesis - Back to the Basics, which emphasizes the pathogen. These meetings will share a keynote address and four plenary sessions, including a joint session on "Systems Biology", an innovative and powerful approach that is just starting to be applied to TB research. Hence, these two Keystone Symposia meetings have a shared interest in TB but, at the same time, emphasize different aspects of this complex disease. We are convinced, therefore, that these meetings will attract all scientists and clinicians from the different areas of TB research and will therefore also facilitate the coming together of a wide variety of researchers: wet-lab researchers interested in molecular biology of the pathogen; immunologists and cell biologists focused on the host response; and clinicians developing novel intervention measures including diagnostics, vaccines and drugs. Project Narrative: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health threat globally with up to 10 million new cases and up to 2 million deaths annually. Worldwide, more than 2 billion individuals are estimated to be or to have been infected. The Keystone Symposia meeting on Tuberculosis: Immunology, Cell Biology and Novel Vaccination Strategies will focus on the immune responses to TB and how these responses affect the course of the disease. Since TB is a disease of poverty, special attention will also be paid to translational issues that relate immediately to deliverable public health measures.