SaTC: STARSS: Small: Assuring Security and Privacy of Emerging Non-Volatile Memories

传统的易失性存储器（如静态随机存取存储器（static RAM））具有显著的泄漏功率，而传统的存储类非易失性存储器（如闪存）具有较高的写入能量、较差的性能和较低的耐用性。新兴的nvm，如自旋传递扭矩RAM （stram）和电阻性RAM (ReRAM)，具有零泄漏、高密度、可扩展性和高耐用性。由于这些有希望的方面，新兴的nvm已经被一些公司商业化。尽管nvm可以获得能源和性能方面的好处，但它们可能面临新的安全挑战。本研究将揭露并解决nvm面临的安全和隐私威胁。本研究将(i)通过了解设备属性和环境参数之间的相互作用来识别nvm的漏洞，（ii）识别篡改和行锤击等完整性威胁，（iii）提出实时攻击感知方法，（iv）开发电路和系统级技术，如纳米屏蔽和内存访问控制，以确保数据完整性，(v)识别隐私威胁，如未经授权的访问和故障注入攻击，以提取机密数据。（六）提出量化存储、智能擦除和侧信道伪装，保证数据隐私。这项研究的成功可能会导致nvm在医疗保健和银行等安全关键部门得到更广泛的采用。随着新兴的nvm在汽车和固态驱动器中的应用越来越广泛，这项工作可能会带来更直接的好处，例如实现片上、支持nvm的低功耗设备，以及传播网络安全知识。所有公开发布的数据将在项目结束后提供，并将发布在http://www.logics.psu.edu.This上。奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，认为值得支持。

Conventional volatile memories such as static random-access memory (static RAM) suffer from significant leakage power whereas conventional storage class non-volatile memories (NVM) such as flash memory suffer from higher write energy, poor performance and low endurance. Emerging NVMs such as, spin-transfer torque RAM (STTRAM) and resistive RAM (ReRAM) offer zero leakage, high-density, scalability and high endurance. Due to these promising aspects, emerging NVMs are already being commercialized by several companies. Although NVMs can reap energy and performance benefits they may face new security challenges. This research will expose and address the security and privacy threats to NVMs.This research will (i) identify the vulnerabilities of NVMs by understanding the interaction between device properties and ambient parameters, (ii) identify integrity threats such as tampering and row-hammering, (iii) propose methods of real-time attack sensing, (iv) develop circuits and system-level techniques such as nano-shielding and memory access control to ensure data integrity, (v) identify privacy threats such as unauthorized access and fault injection attack to extract secret data, and (vi) propose quantized memory, intelligent erasure and camouflaging of side channels to ensure data privacy.The success of this research may lead to wider adoption of NVMs in security-critical sectors such as healthcare and banking. With growing acceptance of emerging NVMs in automobiles and solid state drives this work may have more immediate benefits, such as enabling on-chip, NVM-enabled, low-power devices, as well as spreading cybersecurity literacy. All publicly released data will be made available after the project and will be posted at http://www.logics.psu.edu.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.