Molecular phylogeny of Rattus species and their temporal, spatial, and ecological modes of evolution

我们的分析包括来自19个属的63个已知物种的100多只个体，包括除6个属外的所有种。我们工作的主要发现包括：1)确认了感官鼠的三个分类：Maxomys、Niviventer和‘Rattus’组；2)苏拉威西的专门的树栖鼠属与Niviventer组以前不为人知的联系；3)论证了目前定义的Rattus属是多系的，至少有三个可识别的谱系：i)Rattus ensu strato，包括褐家鼠和Rattus，以及许多其他特别感兴趣的物种；ii)菲律宾的‘Rattus’everetti；以及iii)‘Rattus’xanthurus‘组的成员以及澳大利亚和新几内亚的本地’Rattus‘；4)证明黑鼠组Rattus Rattus Sensu Lato包含多个谱系，其中两个在日本被证明在遗传和细胞学上是不同的，但在几个地区有导入的证据，结果截然不同。从生物地理学的角度来看，这项研究最有趣的发现是，Sensu Lato Rattus的成员多次成功地在舜达陆架边缘的海洋陆地上殖民。在苏门答腊岛以南的苏拉威西群岛、菲律宾群岛和明打威群岛上，所有主要的Rattus Sensu Lato家族都成功地到达了苏拉威西群岛，但Rattus Groups中只有一个家族成功地越过了这些主要岛屿，最终在东部殖民了新几内亚和澳大利亚，并到达了北部偏远的琉球群岛。

Our analyses included more than 100 individuals in 63 recognized species from 19 genera, including all but six genera of the Rattus sensu lato. The major findings of our work include: 1) confirmation of a three way division of Rattus sensu lato into 'Maxomys',Niviventer' and 'Rattus' groups; 2) previously unsuspected association of the specialized arboreal genus Margaretamys of Sulawesi with the Niviventer group; 3) demonstration that the genus Rattus as currently defined is polyphyletic with at least three recognizable lineages: i) Rattus sensu stricto, which includes both R. norvegicus and R. rattus, along with many other species of particular interest; ii) 'Rattus' everetti of the Philippines; and iii) members of the 'Rattus' xanthurus' group together with the native 'Rattus' of Australia and New Guinea; 4) demonstration that the black rat group, Rattus rattus sensu lato contains multiple lineages, two of which are shown to be genetically and cyctologically distinct in Japan but with evidence of introgression in several areas with contrasting outcomes. From a biogeographic perspective, the most interesting findings of this study are the demonstration that members of Rattus sensu lato succeeded in colonizing the oceanic landmasses off the margins of the Sunda Shelf on multiple occasions. All major groups within Rattus sensu lato managed to reach Sulawesi, the Philippine islands and the Mentawai islands to the south of Sumatra, but only one lineage within the 'Rattus group' succeeded in going beyond these major islands to eventually colonize New Guinea and Australia in the east, and to reach the remote islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago in the north.