Factual Study of the Implementation of the School Evaluation System in 1950's Japan

1951年6月，日本文部省发布了《中等学校评价标准和指南》。这是作为国家教育机构为在该国实施学校评估制度制定标准的第一次行动。但是，关于这座历史纪念碑的组成，在何时、何地、为什么以及在谁的指导下做了什么，人们知之甚少。通过系统的历史研究，我明确了这本《标准与准则》的内容如下：（一）通过调查美国GHQ-SCAP官员与日本文部省官员的通信，我明确了这本书是在1951年出版前一年内仓促编纂的。日本军官在编纂这本书之前，就与美国教育界人士进行了广泛的接触，他们获得了原始资源，从美国教师那里获得了教育文化，甚至访问了美国，了解了教育评估。 ...更多信息 C：（4）《标准与指导原则》成书后，由某些教师在教育机构讲授;（5）《标准与指导原则》最初是由许多都道府县和市政府引进的;（6）地方教育当局或都道府县和市政府的领导教师根据他们所遇到的人，有自己的地方经验。对于任何人，几乎所有的美国教育官员或军事官员都会有自己的学校评估理由，因为美国的年龄是这样的，每个人都有自己的一套教育评估常识。这取决于谁来领导县教育社会和谁是一个好的追随者在每个地区的领导者。我已经讲清楚了，关于《标准与指南》一书的看法就会出现，然后我就可以理解1950年代日本的学校评估是如何在日本全国传播的，以及为什么它不再自立。少

In June 1951, the Japanese Ministry of Education launched its "Secondary-School Evaluative Criteria and Guidelines". This was the first action as an National agency for education for setting a standard to carry out School Evaluation System in this country. But not much was known about what has been done when, where, why and by whose guidance, concerning the composition of this historical monument. By systemic historical research, I have made clear about this book of "Criteria and Guidelines" as follows;I made clear;a : through investigating correspondence between American officers of the GHQ-SCAP and Japanese officers of the Ministry of Education, that this book was compiled hastily within a year before it was published in 1951.b : that the Japanese officers were making great access to American educational people before they compiled the book.They made access to original resources, got letcutures from American teachers, and even visited the States to learn about Educational Evaluation. … More c : that after compiled as a book, the "Criteria and Guidelines" was taught in Educational Institutes by certain teachers.d : that the original "Criteria and Guidlines" was imported by many prefectures and municipalities.e : that those local educational authorities or leader teachers of prefectures and municipalities had their own local experience according to to whom they would encounter. To whomever they learn, almost all American civilian officer for education or military governer would have their own ground for school evaluation, as the age in the States was a such a one that everyone would have their own set of its commonsence for educational evaluation.f : it depended on who would lead the prefectural education society and who was a good follower to the leader in each region.After composing the facts that I have made clear, a view of what happened arround the book of "Criteria and Guidelines" would come up.Then I could understand how school evaluation in the 1950's in Japan was spread throughout Japan, and why it ceased to stand upon it own foot. Less