Gut Microbiota, Metabolic Disorders and Beyond

 描述（由申请人提供）： 要求为Rémy G.组织的题为“肠道微生物群、代谢紊乱及其他”的Keystone专题讨论会提供支助。放大图片作者：Burcelin，Sven Pettersson and Tak W.麦会议将于2016年4月17日至21日在罗得岛的纽波特举行。进化的完整基因组理论提出，自然选择不是作用于单个生物体，而是作用于“完整生物体”，它由生物体和微生物组（其基因和代谢物）组成。当全生物受到戏剧性变化的挑战时，例如饮食改变或身体活动减少，它会采用适应机制，以重组其微生物组（常驻微生物群落）的形式。然而，分子串扰的潜在机制仍有待确定。对全生生物的有效研究需要一种系统生物学的方法：去除全生生物的一个组成部分，以还原论的方式研究它，其他部分也会被忽略。几十年来，还原论研究旨在了解导致当前人为代谢疾病急剧流行的机制，但没有考虑全生物的观点，因此错过了微生物组的适应策略，但已经为探索早期全生物的观点奠定了基础。应用系统生物学方法来破译人为代谢疾病的分子机制，为开发以个性化方式维持健康的新疗法提供了独特的机会。本次会议将讨论肠道微生物组及其代谢物如何影响负责人为代谢疾病的主要分子和生理机制。因此，它将包括来自不同领域的研究人员，如医学，免疫学，神经生物学，内分泌学，生理学，精神病学，系统生物学和微生物学。此外，创新治疗策略的营养，手术和药理学方面将与制药/营养公司的科学家进行对话。肠道微生物组是一个神经内分泌和抗原器官，其重新发现对于我们在全生物背景下理解人为代谢疾病是必要的。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Support is requested for a Keystone Symposia meeting entitled Gut Microbiota, Metabolic Disorders and Beyond, organized by Rémy G. Burcelin, Sven Pettersson and Tak W. Mak. The meeting will be held in Newport, Rhode Island from April 17-21, 2016. The hologenome theory of evolution proposes that natural selection acts not on the individual organism but rather on the "holobiont," which consists of the organism together with microbiome (its genes and metabolites). When a holobiont is challenged by dramatic changes, such as altered diet or reduced physical activity, it employs adaptive mechanisms in the form of reshuffling its microbiome (resident microbial communities). However, the underlying mechanisms of molecular crosstalk remain to be determined. Effective study of the holobiont requires a systems biology approach: remove one component of the holobiont to study it in reductionist style and other parts also altered will be overlooked. Decades of reductionist research aimed at understanding the mechanisms responsible for the current dramatic epidemic of man-made metabolic diseases have not considered the holobiont perspective and have consequently missed the adaptation strategies of the microbiome but have set the stage to explore the inchoate holobiont perspective. Application of a systems biology approach to decipher molecular mechanisms underlying man-made metabolic diseases presents a unique opportunity to develop novel therapies that sustain health in a personalized manner. This meeting will discuss how the gut microbiome and its metabolites influence major molecular and physiological mechanisms responsible for man-made metabolic diseases. It will therefore incorporate investigators from diverse areas such as medicine, immunology, neurobiology, endocrinology, physiology, psychiatry, systems biology and microbiology. In addition, the nutritional, surgical and pharmacological aspects of innovative therapeutic strategies will be discussed in dialogue with scientists from pharmaceutical/nutritional companies. The gut microbiome is a neuroendocrine and antigenic organ whose rediscovery is necessary for our understanding of man-made metabolic diseases in the context of the holobiont.