NEUROPHYSIOLOGIC, PERFORMANCE AND SUBJECTIVE EFFECTS OF NICOTINE

进行了几项临床研究，以确定 与吸烟相关的客观和主观指标， 戒烟这些研究结果适用于 开发尼古丁治疗药物的测试范例 戒断神经生理学数据表明，尼古丁作用于 参与注意力、认知和记忆的神经基质。为 例如，美加明的作用，一种中枢作用的尼古丁 拮抗剂的研究，以确定补药的贡献 吸烟者脑电和认知任务的胆碱能机制 不吸烟者。经颅给药的能力 电刺激缓解尼古丁戒断的效果在 治疗方案经皮给药的有效性 尼古丁减少烟草自发的迹象和症状 在一项住宅研究中测试了戒断症状。尼古丁的影响 撤回延迟听觉反馈-一个建议的措施， 注意力和注意力分散-正在评估中。的相互作用 评估过夜戒断后的咖啡因和尼古丁。 这些研究的依赖性指标包括： 任务（有和无干扰），单词记忆，PAB （性能）自发脑电图，诱发电位，血液 压力、心率（生理）;戒断量表、渴望、药物 喜欢，药物识别（主观）。影响的研究 无烟烟草产品，以及新开发的脱尼古丁 香烟已经完成。在一个正在进行的项目中， 测试了从安慰剂香烟中释放尼古丁的香烟， in a spaced-smoking空间-smoking吸烟paradigm范例.在另一项研究中， 评价了快速吸烟过程中脱尼古丁香烟。 这些研究有助于理解 尼古丁成瘾，也有实用价值的开发 更有效的治疗尼古丁依赖的药物， 戒断

Several clinical studies are performed to determine objective and subjective measures associated with smoking and tobacco withdrawal. The results of these studies are applied to develop paradigms for testing of drugs for the treatment of nicotine withdrawal. Neurophysiologic data indicate that nicotine acts on neural substrates involved in attention, cognition and memory. For example, the effects of mecamylamine, a centrally acting nicotinic antagonist is studied to determine the contribution of tonic cholinergic mechanisms on the EEG and cognitive tasks in smokers and nonsmokers. The ability of transcranially delivered electrostimulation to alleviate nicotine withdrawal was evaluated in a treatment protocol. The efficacy of transdermally delivered nicotine to diminish signs and symptoms of tobacco spontaneous withdrawal are tested in a residential study. The effects of nicotine withdrawal on delayed auditory feedback - a proposed measure of attention and distraction - is being evaluated. The interaction of caffeine and nicotine after overnight abstinence was assessed. Dependent measures for these studies include: Gordon vigilance task (with and without distracters), word memory, PAB (performance) spontaneous EEG, evoked potentials, blood pressure, heart rate (physiologic); withdrawal scales, craving, drug liking, drug identification (subjective). Studies on the effects of smokeless tobacco products, and a newly developed denicotinized cigarette are completed. In an ongoing project, the effects of cigarettes that deliver nicotine from placebo cigarettes were tested in a spaced-smoking paradigm. In another study, the effects of the denicotinized cigarettes in a rapid smoking procedure are evaluated. These studies contribute to an understanding of the mechanisms of nicotine addiction and are also of practical value in the development of more effective medications for treating nicotine dependence and withdrawal.