CYTOKINES AND OCULAR ANTIGENS IN THE EYE

细胞因子是白细胞与器官之间的通讯信号 常驻细胞 白细胞介素1（IL-1），一种多效性细胞因子， 由许多细胞类型-最显着的巨噬细胞，可以刺激一般 通过引起多种细胞的活化而引起炎症反应 然后，在它们的其他功能中，释放出一系列其他功能， 细胞因子 这些细胞因子之一是白细胞介素8（IL-8）， 激活中性粒细胞和T淋巴细胞的更直接的作用。 CD 4细胞可以被亚型化为辅助性T细胞1和辅助性T细胞2（Th-1和Th-2 基于它们释放的细胞因子。 Th-1细胞产生IL-2， 干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF），而 Th-2细胞产生IL-4、IL-5、IL-6和IL-10。 Th-1细胞 参与细胞介导的免疫反应，而Th-2细胞是 涉及过敏和细胞外寄生虫感染。 细胞因子， 淋巴因子和粘附分子也位于眼 葡萄膜炎患者和动物的炎症部位 实验性葡萄膜炎 眼抗原在自身免疫性疾病中起重要作用。 S-抗原（S-Ag）是视网膜可溶性抗原，可诱导实验性视网膜病变。 自身免疫性葡萄膜视网膜炎（EAU）。 S-Ag mRNA表达 胎儿的非视网膜组织可能表明它参与了某些 眼部疾病 S-AgmRNA在虹膜中表达 某些葡萄膜炎患者在延长皮质类固醇治疗后 疗法 这一发现得到了证实，治疗EAU大鼠与长期- 术语类固醇。

Cytokines are communication signals between leukocytes and organ resident cells. Interleukin 1 (IL-1), a pleiotropic cytokine produced by many cell types~most notably macrophages, can stimulate a general inflammatory reaction by causing the activation of a variety of cells which then, among their other functions, release a cascade of other cytokines. One of these cytokines is interleukin 8 (IL-8), which takes the more direct action of activating neutrophils and T lymphocytes. CD4 cells can be subtyped to T helper 1 and 2 (Th-1 and Th-2) cells on the basis of the cytokines they release. Th-1 cells produce IL-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), while Th-2 cells produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. Th-1 cells are involved in the cell-mediated immune response, while Th-2 cells are involved in allergy and extracellular parasitic infection. Cytokines, lymphokines, and adhesion molecules also are located in ocular inflammatory sites of patients with uveitis and animals with experimental uveitis. Ocular antigens play an important role in autoimmune diseases. S-antigen (S-Ag), a retinal soluble antigen, can induce experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). The expression of S-Ag mRNA of nonretinal tissues in fetuses may suggest its involvement in certain ocular diseases. The expression of S-Ag mRNA was found in the iris of some patients with uveitis after prolongation of corticosteroid therapy. This finding was confirmed by treating EAU rats with long- term steroids.